KUZLE (2021)
847
procedures, which are supported by the teacher and the teacher’s choice of activities
(Ahtee et al.,
2016
). According to researchers (Evans et al.,
2009
; Hannula,
2012
), the
classroom climate refers to a shared subjective
representation of important
characteristics of the classroom which, however, differ in their climate-creating
determinants. Götz et al. (
2011
) presented a general statement for the “emotional
aspects” of climate. They refer to both positive and negative emotions of a group. In
addition, “perceived affective attitudes” (Götz et al.,
2011
, p. 506) related to the school,
people who
are associated with the school, areas of specialization, and subjects taught
are, among others, the emotional aspects of classroom climate. On the other hand,
Evans et al. (
2009
) divided the notion of classroom climate into three complementary
components:
academic, referring to pedagogical and curricular
elements of the
learning environment;
management, referring to discipline styles for maintaining
order; and
emotional, referring to affective interactions within the classroom.
Furthermore, Evans et al. (
2009
) argued for the importance
of treating emotional
climate as a distinct aspect of classroom climate as it is “superordinate to other
classroom climate domains since it interfaces with the conventional academic and
management elements of effective learning environments” (p. 131). In this study, I
concentrate on the last component, namely the emotional classroom climate, which
can be described as an emotional relationship between the students and the teacher.
According to Hannula (
2012
), the emotional climate in the
classroom can be
regarded from a psychological and social point of view (see
Table 1
). The
psychological dimension refers to the level of an individual and involves affective
conditions (i.e., emotions and emotional reactions, thoughts, meanings, and goals),
and affective properties (i.e., attitudes, beliefs, values, and motivational orientations).
The
social dimension refers to the classroom community. Its affective conditions refer
to social interaction, communication, and the atmosphere in a classroom
(momentarily), whereas affective
properties refer to norms, social structures, and the
atmosphere in the classroom. Here, the focus is on the former.