Table 1. Dimensions of the emotional climate in a classroom
Psychological dimension or the level of the individual Social dimension or the level of the community (classroom) Affective condition (state)
Emotions and emotional
reactions
Thoughts
Meanings
Goals
Social interaction
Communication
Atmosphere in the classroom
(momentarily)
Affective property (trait)
Attitudes
Beliefs
Values
Motivational orientations
Norms
Social structures
Atmosphere in the classroom
In both dimensions, one can distinguish between two temporal aspects of affect,
namely state and trait. State (affective condition) refers to the emotional atmosphere
at a specific moment in the classroom, such as different emotions and emotional
reactions (e.g., fear and joy), thoughts (e.g., “This is difficult.”), meanings (e.g., “I
could do it.”), and aims (e.g., “I want to solve this task.”) (Laine et al.,
2013
). They
influence critical decisions and determine whether a problem is solved by an
individual or not and change rapidly. Trait (affective property) refers to more stable
conditions or properties, such as attitudes (e.g., “I like math.”), beliefs (e.g., “Math is
difficult.”), values (e.g., “Math is important.”), and motivational orientations (e.g., “I
want to understand.”) (Laine et al.,
2013
,
2015
). They provide a consistent pattern of
how an individual thinks or feels in a situation (Hannula,
2012
). Both temporal
aspects of affect can be applied to the context of the school. For instance, in situations
of a similar nature that occur repeatedly in the classroom (i.e., checking of homework,
discussion of assignments), students develop affective characteristics (traits) typical
of that situation. Social norms, social structures, and the prevailing atmosphere in the
classroom are described as such traits (Hannula
2012
; Laine et al.
2013
). Given the
teacher’s central role in constructing the emotional climate or being the emotional
force in day-to-day school lessons (Evans et al.,
2009
), recurring situations may have
an influence on students developing more stable affective traits typical to a certain
classroom (Laine et al.,
2013
).