KUZLE (2021)
845
1
Introduction
Over the course of their school years, many students experience both positive and
negative emotions in various subjects (Reindl & Hascher,
2013
; vom Hofe et al.,
2002
). Among
other things, emotions determine the behavior of those involved in
teaching (Evans et al.,
2009
) as well as the willingness to learn and to perform, which
are important components for school well-being (Schiepe-Tiska & Schmidtner,
2012
).
Furthermore, a positive teacher-child relation advances both students’ social
accommodation and their orientation to school, and thus is an important foundation
for their academic career in the future (Harrison et al.,
2007
). In
recent decades, the
study of emotions has gained greater prominence in educational research (Hascher &
Edlinger,
2009
), often with a focus on specific emotions, such as the joy of learning
(Schmude,
2005
). The international comparative study PISA 2012 also analyzed,
among other things, emotional orientation in mathematics (Schiepe-Tiska &
Schmidtner,
2012
). In PISA 2012, Germany performed slightly
below the OECD
average in terms of the emotional orientation of enjoyment in mathematics (Schiepe-
Tiska & Schmidtner,
2012
). Overall, only 39% of 15-year-old students reported liking
mathematics and engaging in mathematics because they enjoyed it (Schiepe-Tiska &
Schmidtner,
2012
).
In mathematics education, the topic of emotions already has its field of research
(e.g., Dahlgren Johansson & Sumpter,
2010
; Laine et al.,
2013
,
2015
; Reindl &
Hascher,
2013
; Tuohilampi et al.,
2016
; vom Hofe et al.,
2002
). For example, in the
PALMA study (“Project for the Analysis of Learning and Achievement in
Mathematics”), it has been confirmed that emotions have a strong influence on the
mathematical competence growth of Grade 5-10 students (vom Hofe et al.,
2002
).
Here, the joy of learning correlated positively with interest and motivation to learn,
among other things, whereas anxiety and boredom were recognized as negative
influencing factors (vom Hofe et al.,
2002
). Similarly, Frenzel and Stephens (
2007
) in
their study with Grades 5-10 students reported on a close
connection between the
classroom climate and learning achievements as well as emotional and social
experiences. These results make clear what significance both positive and negative
emotions may have for mathematics development at primary school age.
Another area of research in the field of emotions focuses on the development of
emotions over the school years. In a study by Reindl and Hascher (
2013
), a
decrease
in positive emotions was recorded in mathematics classes, which negatively affected
attitudes toward mathematics as a subject. Hascher et al. (
2011
) also pointed out that
LUMAT
846
positive emotions decrease over the elementary school years. Previous research on
emotions focused mainly on mathematics education in general, but not specifically on
different mathematical content, such as arithmetic (Reindl & Hascher,
2013
;
Schmude,
2005
), geometry (Glasnović Gracin & Kuzle,
2018
), or how these
develop
during the elementary school years. School geometry is a subject area of mathematics
that is often disregarded and referred to as the “stepchild” of mathematics education
(Backe-Neuwald,
2000
; Eichler,
2005
). However, geometry didactics (e.g.,
Krauthausen,
2018
) especially emphasizes that geometry instruction may help
students develop a positive attitude towards mathematics due to its motivating effect
on students through alternative instructional concepts (e.g., action-oriented
instruction, discovery learning) and a sense of achievement by experiencing success.
This led to an increased interest in how elementary school children feel during this
large laissez-faire subfield of mathematics lessons. More specifically, the main
goal of
the inquiry presented in this paper was to provide insight into the emotional
classroom climate in primary grade geometry lessons
1
and to
find out if previously
reported trends also apply to them. For this purpose, participant-produced drawings
were used, which allow a constructive process of thinking in action, rather than seeing
drawings as simple representations of the participant’s worldviews (Kearney & Hyle,
2004
).
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