Nostalgia for a Unified Realm
245
he will “save [us] from disorder born of ignorance” and “discuss the princi-
ples of direct succession to the throne from the age of the gods,” it is
worth taking a closer look at the role that principles (and other
Mirror
features) do or do not play in his account.
11
To begin with, reminiscent of
The Mirror of the East
,
Gods and Sov-
ereigns
has no preface to invoke a site that enhances its claims. In light of
the political situation at the time, it is not safe to assume that not assign-
ing an explicit setting to the narrative is equivalent to considering the set-
ting to be unimportant. Rather, this move is perhaps to be expected:
Gods and Sovereigns
is loyal to the Yoshino Court, a setting that its ad-
herents hoped was temporary (as seen in the preface to Godaigo’s poem
above in this chapter). The work opens simply with the assertion that “Ja-
pan is the land of the divine,” a move that can easily be read as implying
a position that speaks for all of Japan.
12
While this suggests a claim to
polity-wide authority that may also be a goal of
The Mirror of the East
,
there is no obvious direct connection.
However, further examination shows
Gods and Sovereigns
to be a text
that is indisputably aware of earlier
Mirrors
, even if it stops short of ac-
knowledging them openly. This is discernible in an oblique refutation of
an account of events during the reign of Emperor Seiwa, as well as, I sug-
gest, in a later admonition to “regard the gains and losses of recent times
and use them as a mirror for the future.”
13
This rhetoric is reminiscent of
11. Iwasa,
Jinnō shōtoki
, 49. The translation is after Kitabatake Chikafusa and H.
Paul Varley,
Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns
, 61. I have relied heavily on Varley’s trans-
lation in this discussion. Shimokawa Ryōko points out that Chikafusa sets all of this
forth as a means of favorably distinguishing Japanese history from Chinese (“‘Jinnō
shōtōki’ no rekishi jojutsu,” 440 and 446–48). She also attributes Chikafusa’s interest
in “principles” to Sima Guang and even more so to Zhu Xi, before arguing for engage-
ment with the
Chunqiu
, as well (for Sima Guang and Zhu Xi, see ibid., 452–54; for the
Chunqiu
, see ibid., 454–57). This does not, however, preclude the possibility of influ-
ence from the
Mirrors
, of which Chikafusa was clearly aware.
12. Iwasa,
Jinnō shōtoki
, 41. The translation is after Kitabatake Chikafusa and H.
Paul Varley,
Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns
, 49.
13. Iwasa,
Jinnō shōtoki
, 164. The translation is after Kitabatake Chikafusa and H.
Paul Varley,
Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns
, 231. On Seiwa, see Iwasa,
Jinnō shōtoki
,
120n13; Kitabatake Chikafusa and H. Paul Varley,
Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns
,
168n119. On the interpretation of the warning, Iwasa simply cites a Ming dynasty dic-
tionary (
Jinnō shōtōki
, 164n5). Wei Zheng, the advisor to Taizong mentioned in chap-