O‘ZBEKISTON MILLIY
UNIVERSITETI
XABARLARI, 2023, [1/4/1]
ISSN 2181-7324
FILOLOGIYA
https://science.nuu.uz/
Social sciences
O‘zMU xabarlari Вестник НУУз ACTA NUUz
FILOLOGIYA
1/4/1 2023
- 279 -
descriptive adjectives, proper nouns, the analysis of which
allows revealing its associative contours.
The choice of adjectival lexemes as an object of study
is justified, firstly, by the fact that adjectives express static
predicates that reflect emotional states, and secondly, of all
parts of speech, it is adjectives that have the most evaluative
function. Based on data from a number of synonymous and
explanatory dictionaries such as The Penguin dictionary of
English synonyms and antonyms; Longman Dictionary of
Contemporary English; Macmillan English Dictionary for
Advanced Learners, Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary;
Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary; Webster's New
World Dictionary of Synonyms, we selected two synonymous
series of lexemes representing the concept of “Admiration” in
English:
nouns
- admiration, respect, esteem, estimation,
regard, reverence, deference, veneration, wonder, amazement,
surprise, astonishment, wonder, approval, praise, approbation,
appreciation, recofnition, love, liking, delight, adoration,
pleasure,
affection,
adjectives
-
admirable,
amazing,
applaudable, awesome, commendable, creditable, deserving,
eminent, esteemed, estimable , exemplary, formidable,
hallowed, honourable, laudable, meritorious, noteworthy,
praiseworthy, prestigious, redoubtable, reputable, respectable,
respected, worthy, wonderful, good, worshipful, wondrous,
excellent, fine, superb, magnificent, splendid, stunning,
beautiful, entrancing, marvelous, remarkable, brilliant,
gorgeous.
Of course, this list of adjectives is not complete. In
English, there is a significant number of adjective lexemes that
can objectify the concept of “admiration”. The choice of the
above adjectives is explained by the frequency of use of these
language units, both in dictionary definitions and in the
analyzed fiction.
Referring to dictionary definitions is one of the ways
of linguistic modeling of the concept, which includes the
definition of the basic components of its structure and the
identification of a set of stable links between them. The
nominees for the emotion “admiration” in English are the
following lexical units: admiration, admirable, admiring,
admirer, admirer.
The analysis of the dictionary definitions of the listed
lexemes made it possible to identify the following meaningful
characteristics of the concept “Admiration”: 1) a sense of
respect; 2) honoring people, famous personalities for their
deeds, activities, merits; 3) respect for the elderly, respect for
age; 4) feeling of approval, praise; 5) emotion caused by
something strange and surprising, unexpected (surprise); 6)
feeling of sympathy and love; 7) feeling of delight, pleasure
and pleasure; 8) admiring the beauty of someone / something
(the beauty of nature, a work of art, a beautiful, young girl); 9)
love for God, praise of the power and greatness of God.
According to the analysis, lexemes that nominate the
emotion “admiration” in English express pleasure, delight,
approval/praise, respect (esteem), love/sympathy, where the
element of surprise (wonder) is unconsciously present. This
fact indicates that the concept of “admiration” has diffuse
boundaries with such concepts as “Respect”, “Surprise”,
“Approval/Praise”,
“Enjoyment/Pleasure”,
“Delight”,
“Sympathy/Love”. To obtain information that sheds light on
the nature of the connection between admiration and the above
emotions
(respect,
surprise,
approval/praise,
pleasure/enjoyment, delight, love/sympathy). The results of
the definitional analysis of these lexical units indicate a close
connection between such emotional states as “admiration”,
“respect”, “surprise”, “approval / praise” and allow us to
consider lexemes that nominate these emotions as quasi-
synonyms, which have a common feature and differ in
meaning in a complex way.
In general, the dictionary definitions of lexemes
admiration, respect, approval, wonder represent them as
difficult to interpret phenomena. The authors of explanatory
dictionaries often define admiration as respect, surprise,
approval/praise and vice versa. In turn, the dictionary
definitions of the nouns love, delight, pleasure, which
nominate
the
feelings
of
love/sympathy,
delight,
pleasure/enjoyment, do not contain an indication of the
emotion "admiration", are not explained through admiration,
like the emotions of surprise, respect, approval / praise and,
therefore, are not a mandatory component of the concept
considered in this study, which is also confirmed by the results
of contextual analysis.
In the dissertation research, the concept of
“admiration” is interpreted as a segmental mental formation,
in the structure of which the core, its three surrounding
segments (conceptual areas) and the periphery are
distinguished. Each of the segments has a name corresponding
to the name of the emotions that make up the emotional state
of admiration. Thus, in the structure of the concept under
study, we distinguish the segments "Respect", "Surprise",
"Approval/Praise".
The core of the concept is represented by the
nominating lexemes admiration and admirable, as well as the
adjectival
lexeme
wonderful,
which
has
a
similar
lexicographic description with the admirable adjective
nominee: wonderful - making you admire someone or smth
very much [LDCE]. Core lexical units in various situations
actualize all the meaningful characteristics of the concept
under study, which we distinguish on the basis of the results of
a definitional analysis of admiration lexemes in the English
language.
The “Respect” segment is represented by the
following nominal lexemes: in nouns - respect, esteem,
estimation, regard, reverence, deference, veneration-, in
adjectives - respected, respectful, respectable, eminent,
esteemed, estimable, hallowed, honourable, redoubtable,
reputable, worthy, worshipful, prestigious.
The nouns representing this segment have the general
meaning “a feeling of admiration and respect for somebody or
something”. Adjectives are combined into one synonymous
series based on the common meaning of "admired or
respected". At the heart of this conceptual area is the content
characteristic of the concept "Admiration" "feeling of respect".
The “Surprise” segment is objectified by the nouns
amazement, astonishment, wonder, wonderment, surprise with
the general meaning “a feeling of surprise, admiration or
pleasure” and the adjectives amazing, awesome, formidable,
wondrous with the general meaning “inspiring awe or
admiration or wonder”. This segment actualizes the content
characteristic "emotion caused by something strange and
surprising, unexpected (surprise emotion)".
The “Approval/Praise” segment is represented by such
nouns as approval, praise, approbation, appreciation,
recognition, which have the general meaning “a feeling or
expression of approval, commendation, or admiration” and
adjectival lexemes applaudable, commendable, creditable,
exemplary, laudable, deserving, meritorious, praiseworthy
with the general meaning “praise, approval and admiration".
Lexical units that verbalize the “Approval/Praise” segment
implement the content characteristic “feeling of approval,
praise” that underlies this conceptual area.
The periphery is represented by lexical units
representing in English the feelings of love/sympathy,
pleasure/enjoyment, delight. Thus, this structural component is
verbalized by the nouns adoration, affection, love, liking,
delight, pleasure, which have the following meanings: “an
emotion of affection, warmth, fondness, liking and regard
towards a person or thing” (adoration, affection, love, liking );
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