THE 3 rd INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCES OF STUDENTS AND YOUNG RESEARCHERS dedicated to the 99
th
anniversary of the National Leader of Azerbaijan Heydar Aliyev
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value for waste cooking oil is determined by titrating it with KOH in isopropyl
alcohol solution using phenolphthalein indicator, since the oil contains free
fatty acids responsible for unwanted consumption of the catalyst during
biodiesel production. This value ultimately shows how much additional KOH
should be added to the reaction mixture to compensate for this acidic effect.
In addition, the XRD patterns and IR spectrum of clinoptilolite are also
acquired by sending its small samples to the appropriate test centers after
grinding, washing, and calcination steps are done. Then, according to the
reviewed papers, optimum methanol/oil, catalyst/oil mass ratios (wt. /wt.),
and the reaction temperature is decided to catch the maximum yield for each
catalytic reaction (Tan, 2016), (R. Abukhadra, 2020), (Dang, 2021).
After each experiment, to separate the biodiesel from excess methanol,
catalyst, and glycerol, distilled water is applied as extracting solvent,
eventually, getting heavy aqueous and light organic phases. Thus, the light
phase is sent to another test, and the yield of biodiesel is determined. Finally,
for biodiesel production by each catalyst, percentage yield versus the
changing variables mentioned above are assessed comprehending their
corresponding effects.
References 1. Baskar Thangaraj, P. R. (2019). Catalysis in biodiesel production - a review, Clean Energy.
2-23.
2. Biodiesel, L. E. (2014). Environmental Friendly Alternative to Petrodiesel. J Pet Environ
Biotechnol 5, 122.
3. Dang, H. &.-L.-H. (2021). Preparation of cancrinite-type zeolite from diatomaceous earth
as transesterification catalysts for biodiesel production. Renewable Energy, 174, 347-358.
4. Energy, U.D.(n.d.). Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, Biodiesel Handling and Use
Guide.
5. Nomanbhay, S., & Ong, M. (2017). A Review of Microwave-Assisted REactions for
Biodiesel Production. 57.
6. R. Abukhadra, M. &.-S.-M. (2020). Transesterification of commercial waste cooking oil into
biodiesel over innovative alkali trapped zeolite nanocomposite as green and environmental
catalysts. Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy, 17, 100289.
7. Rajalingam, A. &. (2016). Production methods of biodiesel. 170-173.
8. Tan, Y. &.-H. (2016). Comparison of Biodiesel Production between Homogeneous and
Heterogeneous Base Catalysts. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 833, 71-77.
9. Xie, W., Huang, X., & Li, H. (n.d.). Soybean oil methyl esters preparation using NaX
zeolites loaded with KOH as a heterogeneous catalyst. 936-939.