Othello
CHARACTERS
Brabantio, a senator
Othello, a noble M o o r * in the service of the state of Venice
Cassio, his lieutenant
Iago, an officer
Montano, another officer
Desdemona, daughter of Brabantio, and wife of Othello
Emilia, wife of Iago
Brabantio, a rich senator of Venice, had a beautiful daughter, the
gentle Desdemona. Many men wanted to marry her, both for her
many good qualities and for her rich expectations. But she saw
no one that she really desired among the lovers of her o w n
country and colour, and she had chosen as the object of her love
a Moor, a black man, w h o m her father liked and often invited to
his house. This man, Othello, seemed to have everything that
might make h i m attractive, even to the greatest lady. He was a
soldier, and a brave one. By his actions in bloody wars against the
Turks, he had risen to the rank of general in the Venetian service,
and he was respected and trusted by the state.
He had been a traveller, and Desdemona loved to hear h i m
tell the story of his adventures. He described the battles in w h i c h
he had fought; the dangers he had met by land and sea; his
narrow escapes; how he had been taken prisoner by the enemy,
and sold into slavery; and how he had escaped. Then he told of
*Moor: a Muslim person of the Arab race which was in power from 711 to
1492.
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the strange things he had seen in foreign countries: the great
deserts, the plains, the rocks and mountains whose heads were in
the clouds; of w i l d people w h o were man-eaters, and a race of
men in Africa whose heads grew beneath their shoulders.
These travellers' stories held Desdemona's attention so much
that if she were called away at any time, she would quickly finish
her business and return w i t h eagerness to listen to more of them.
Once she begged h i m to tell her the whole story of his life, of
w h i c h she had heard so much but only in parts. He agreed to do
so, and made her cry many a tear when he spoke of some terrible
blow w h i c h he had suffered in his youth.
W h e n his story was finished, she swore prettily that it was all
most strange, and moving and pitiful. She wished (she said) she
had not heard it, but she also wished that heaven had made her
such a man. Then she thanked h i m , and told h i m that if he had a
friend w h o loved her, he only had to teach h i m how to tell his
story and that w o u l d w i n her. W h e n she said this, honestly but
quietly, Othello understood what she meant, spoke more openly
of his love for her, and so gained the agreement of the generous
Lady Desdemona to marry h i m .
Neither Othello's colour nor his fortune made h i m acceptable to
Brabantio as his daughter's husband. He had expected that before
long she would choose a husband of the rank of senator, as most
noble Venetian ladies did. In this, though, he was deceived.
Desdemona loved Othello, and gave her heart to his brave qualities.
His colour, which to all other ladies would have been a strong
objection, was valued by her above all the white skins and clear
faces of the young Venetian nobles w h o wished to marry her.
Their marriage was privately performed, but could not be
kept a secret for long. W h e n it came to the ears of the old man,
Brabantio, he charged Othello before the council of the senate
w i t h having gained the love of Desdemona by magic and caused
her to marry h i m without her father's permission.
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At this time the state of Venice had urgent need of Othello's
services. News had arrived that a great many Turkish ships were
on their way to the island of Cyprus, intending to take that place
back from the Venetians, w h o were holding it at that time. It was
thought that Othello was the most suitable man to defend
Cyprus against the Turks. So Othello n o w stood in the presence
of the senators, both as one w h o was needed for a great state
employment, and as a criminal charged w i t h offences that were
punishable by death.
The senators listened patiently to Brabantio, because of his age
and character. B u t he made so many w i l d and foolish charges that
w h e n Othello was called on to defend himself, he only needed to
tell them the story of his love. He told them exactly h o w he had
w o n the love of Desdemona, and delivered his speech w i t h such
noble honesty that the chief judge could not help admitting that
a story told in such a way w o u l d have w o n his daughter too. It
soon appeared quite plain that Othello had, in his lovemaking,
used only the honest arts of men in love; the only magic he had
employed had been his ability to tell a soft story to w i n a lady's
ear.
This statement by Othello was proved to be true by the words
of the Lady Desdemona herself. She appeared in court and, while
openly admitting that she owed her life and education to her
father, begged h i m to allow her to admit an even higher debt to
her lord and husband.
Unable to prove his case, the old senator called the M o o r to
h i m w i t h many expressions of sorrow, and gave his daughter to
h i m . If he had been free to keep her back (he told him), he
w o u l d have done so w i t h all his heart. He added that he was glad
that he had no other child, for this behaviour of Desdemona
w o u l d have taught h i m to be cruel.
N o w that this difficulty had been overcome, Othello quickly
promised to manage the wars in Cyprus, and Desdemona
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