G‘apporov M. Ingliz tili grammatikasi
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RAVISH DARAJALARI
1. Ko‘pgina ravishlarning, ayniqsa holat ravishlarining darajalari sifatlarning darajalariga o‘xshaydi. 2. Bir, ikki bo‘g‘inli sodda ravishlarning qiyosiy darajasi -er qo‘shimchasini qo‘shish bilan, orttirma darajasi esa -est qo‘shimchasini qo‘shish bilan yasaladi: 13 — M. G‘apporov 194 Oddiy daraja Qiyosiy daraja Orttirma daraja fast tez hard qattiq late kech soon tezda early erta faster tezroq harder qattiqroq later kechroq sooner tezroq earlier ertaroq fastest eng tez hardest eng qattiq latest eng kech soonest eng tez earliest eng erta 3. Sifatga -ly qo‘shimchasi qo‘shib yasalgan ravishlarning qiyosiy darajasi uning oldiga more, orttirma darajasi esa oldiga most qo‘yish bilan yasaladi: Oddiy daraja Qiyosiy daraja Orttirma daraja Clearly Bravely Correctly Cautiously aniq jasurona to‘g‘ri ehtiyotkor More clearly More bravely More correctly More cautiously aniqroq jasurroq to‘g‘riroq ehtiyotkorroq Most clearly Most bravely Most correctly Most cautiously eng aniq eng jasurona eng to‘g‘ri eng ehtiyotkor 4. Often tez-tez, quickly tez, slowly sekin ravishlarining darajalari har ikkala yo‘l bilan yasaladi: Oddiy daraja Qiyosiy daraja Orttirma daraja often quickly slowly tez-tez { tez { sekin { oftener more often quicker more quick slower more slow oftenest most often quickest most quickly slowest most slowly Quyidagi ravishlarning darajalari ular yasalgan sifatlarga o‘xshab qoidaga bo‘ysunmasdan yasaladi: Oddiy daraja Qiyosiy daraja Orttirma daraja well yaxshi badly yomon much ko‘p little oz far uzoq { better yaxshiroq worse yomonroq more ko‘proq less ozroq farther } uzoqroq further best eng yaxshi worst eng yomon most eng ko‘p least eng oz farthest } eng uzoq furthest Orttirma darajadagi ravishdan keyin of predlogli birikma kelganda (yoki nazarda tutilganda) ravish the artikli bilan ham, artiklsiz ham ishlatilishi mumkin. Of predlogli birikma bo‘lmasa, yoki (nazarda tutilmasa) orttirma darajadagi ravish artiklsiz ishlatiladi: Which of the boys works (the) best (of all the boys)? Bolalarning qaysi biri hamma (bolalar) dan yaxshi ishlaydi? 195 I work best in the morning. Men ertalab yxshi ishlayman. Rahim came late, Olim came later and Karim came (the) latest (of all). Rahim kech keldi, Olim kechroq keldi, Karim esa hammadan kech keldi. I come home latest on Mondays. Men uyga eng kech keladigan kun- larim dushanba kunlaridir. RAVISHLARNING GAPDAGI O‘RNI 1. Gapdagi fe’l o‘timsiz bo‘lsa, holat ravishi fe’ldan keyin keladi: He walked slowly. U sekin yurdi. The sun shines brightly. Quyosh charaqlab nur sochadi. 2. Gapdagi fe’l o‘timli bo‘lsa, ravish fe’ldan oldin yoki fe’ldan keyin kelishi mumkin. U fe’l bilan to‘ldiruvchining o‘rtasida kelishi mumkin emas: He answered the question calmly. He calmly answered the question } U savolga bosiqlik bilan javob ber- di. He translated the article easily. He easily translated the article. } U maqolani osongina (osonlik bilan) tarjima qildi. Fe’ldan keyin infi nitiv kelganda, ravish fe’ldan oldin ishlatiladi: He fl atly refused to answer the ques- tion. U savolga javob berishdan qat’iy bosh tortdi. 3. Noaniq zamon ravishlari — always, often, seldom, ever, never, just, already, yet, usually, generally, sometimes, still, soon, once va boshqalar fe’ldan oldin ishlatiladi: He always comes early. U har doim erta keladi. He often goes there. U u yoqqa tez-tez borib turadi. I usually get up at seven o’clock. Men odatda soat yettida o‘rnim dan turaman. I once went there with my brother. Men u yerga bir kuni akam bilan borgan edim. Lekin yuqoridagi ravishlar to be fe’lidan keyin ishlatiladi: He is always here at fi ve o’clock. U har doim soat beshda shu yerda bo‘ladi. He is never late for the lectures. U hech qachon leksiyaga kech qol- maydi. Gapda qo‘shma fe’l ishlatilgan bo‘lsa, yuqoridagi ravishlar yordamchi fe’l bilan asosiy fe’l o‘rtasida keladi: 196 I shall never forget it. Men buni hech qachon unutmay- man. He has just left. U hozirgina ketdi. Agar gapda ikkita yordamchi fe’l bo‘lsa, ravish birinchi yordamchi fe’ldan keyin ishlatiladi: He has just been asked to take part in that work. Undan hozirgina bu ishda qatna- shishini so‘rashdi. Noaniq zamon ravishlari modal fe’l bilan infi nitiv o‘rtasida keladi: You must never get off the tram when it is moving. Siz hech qachon yurib ketayotgan tramvaydan tushmasligingiz ke- rak. I can always prove it to be true. Men buning to‘g‘riligini har doim isbotlay olaman. Agar fe’l have+ to + V shaklida ifodalangan bo‘lsa, yuqoridagi ravish lar Yüklə 1,19 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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