5-MAVZU: XVII ASRDAN XIX ASRNING YARMIGACHA TARBIYA,
MAKTAB VA PEDAGOGIK FIKRLAR RIVOJI
MA’RUZA MASHG’ULOTI REJASI:
5.1. Buxoro amirligi, Qo’qon va Xiva xonliklarida ta’lim-tarbiya
5.2. Maktab va madrasalarda ta’lim mazmuni.
5.3. Qizlar maktabi va unda ta’lim mazmuni.
5.4. Munis Xorazmiyning “Savodi ta’lim” asari – husnixatga doir
dastlabki qo’llanma sifatida.
5.5. Muhammad Sodiq Qosh-g’ariyning “Odob as-solihin” asari –
yuksak ma’naviy-axloqiy sifatlarni yorituvchi manba.
Tayanch so’z va iboralar: maktab, madrasa, qorixona, daloilxona,
otnoyilar maktablari, qorixona va daloilxona
5.1. Buxoro amirligi, Qo’qon va Xiva xonliklarida ta’lim-tarbiya.
XVII-XIX asrlarda O’rta Osiyoda bir nechta turdagi talim muassasalari
(maktab, madrasa, qorixona, daloilxona, otnoyilar maktablari) mavjud edi. Ayniqsa
Qo’qon, Toshkent, Buxoro kabi shaharlarda ularning soni tez ko’paygan.
Maktablar boshlang’ich talim muassasasi hisoblanib, unda bolalarga yozish
va o’qish o’rgatlgan, din haqida dastlabki malumotlar berilgan. Madrasalar yuqori
turuvchi o’quv muassasasi hisoblangan, qorixona va daloilxona («Daloil alxayrot») quyi diniy xizmatchilarni tayyorlagan.
XIX asrdagi Qo’qon xonlari arxivlarida beklar va xonlar saroylarida sag’ir
(etm)lar uchun ochilgan maktablar haqidagi malumotlar saqlanib qolgan. Bunday
maktablar davlat mablag’lari hisobiga faoliyat yuritgan.
5.2. Maktab va madrasalarda ta’lim mazmuni.
Duan-Beggi Medrese (in Labikhauz). Bukhara The Astrakhanid dynasty in
Bukhara (in present-day Uzbekistan) during the 17th century was adept in its
organization of urban space. One example is the Lab-i-Hauz complex, a trading
area containing a square reservoir that provided water and served as a reflecting
pool for three buildings. Among them is the khanaka, or hostel for pilgrims and
travelers, built in 1619–20 by Nadir Divan-Begi, a vizier (high official) and uncle
of the Bukhara ruler Imam Kuli Khan. (The madrasah mentioned in the caption is
in fact an adjacent structure.) Although severely damaged over time, the facade
shows traces of the once-brilliant surface of ceramic tiles that formed elaborate
geometric patterns. The structure is flanked by two towers. At the top is a large
stork’s nest, with stork clearly visible. The image is by Russian photographer
Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorskii (1863–1944), who used a special color
photography process to create a visual record of the Russian Empire in the early
20th century. Some of Prokudin-Gorskii’s photographs date from about 1905, but
the bulk of his work is from between 1909 and 1915, when, with the support of
Tsar Nicholas II and the Ministry of Transportation, he undertook extended trips
through many different parts of the empire. In 1911 his travels took him to an area
of Central Asia then known as Turkestan, where he photographed the ancient
monuments of Bukhara.1
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