3.3. Abu Nasr Forobiy, Abu Rayhon Beruniy va Abu Ali ibn Sinoning asarlaridagi pedagogik fikrlari ilmiy-pedagogik qarashlari. Abu Nasr Forobiyning asarlaridagi pedagogik fikrlar. Asarlari: «Baxt-saodatga
erishuv to’g’risida», «Fozil odamlar shahri», «Aql ma’nolari haqida», «Shaharni
o’rganish haqida» va boshqalar.
Abu Nasr Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Tarkhan ibn Awzalagh alFarabi was born in approximately ah 257/ad 870.
Al-Farabi became an expert in philosophy and logic, and also in music: one
of his works is entitled Kitab al-musiqa al-kabir (The Great Book of Music).
However, perhaps the book for which he is best known is that whose title is
abbreviated to al-Madina al-fadila (The Virtuous City), and which is often
compared, misleadingly in view of its Neoplatonic orientation, to Plato's Republic.
Other major titles from al-Farabi's voluminous corpus included the Risala fi'l-'aql
(Epistle on the Intellect), Kitab al-huruf (The Book of Letters) and Kitab ihsa' al-
'ulum (The Book of the Enumeration of the Sciences).1
Abu Nasr Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Tarhan ibn Aalagh al-Forobiy
tahminan hijriy 257(milodiy 870 yilda) tug’ilgan. U haqli ravishda hamma
zamonlarda ham islom olamining buyuk faylasuflaridan biri sifatida tan olinadi.Al
Forobiy falsafa, mantiq sohalarida izlanishlar olb borgan, shu bilan birga musiqa
nazariyasiga oid Kitab al-musiqa al-kabir (Buyuk musiqa kitobi)ni yozgan. Biroq
uning eng mashhur asari “Madina al-fadila” (Fozil odamlar shahri)ni gayriplaton
yo’nalishi vakillari tomonidan Platon davlatchiligi bilan taqqoslaganlar.
Farobiyning ko’p tomli asarlari “Бахтсаодатгаэришувтўғрисида”, “Ихсо – ал -
улум”, “Илмларнингкелибчиқиши”, “Ақлмаъноларитўғрисида”asarlarni o’z
ichiga olgan.
Pedagogik qarashlari: Forobiy birinchi bo’lib ta’lim va tarbiyaga ta’rif bergan olimdir: Ta’lim –
so’z va o’rganish bilangina amalga oshiriladi. Tarbiya – esa amaliyot, ish-tajriba
bilan amalga oshiriladi.
Ta’lim-tarbiya ikki yo’l bilan amalga oshiriladi: qanoatbaxsh,
1 http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ip/rep/H021.htm
ilxomlantiruvchi so’zlar va majbur etish.
hikmatni desa, uni yoshligidan boshlasin, so’zining ustidan
chiqsin, yomon ishlardan saqlanadigan bo’lsin, hiyonat, makr va hiylalardan uzoq
bo’lsin, diyonatli bo’lsin, ilm va ahli ilmdan mol-dunyosini ayamasin.
4. Inson yaxshi tarbiya ko’rmagan va turmushda yaxshi tajriba
orttirmagan bo’lsa, u ko’p narsalarni nazarga ilmay va ulardan jirkanadi. Bunday
narsalar unga noo’rin bo’lib ko’ringan narsalar zaruriy bo’lib chiqadi.
