Pedagogika tarixi fan sifatida. Eng qadimgi davrlardan VII asrgacha ta’lim-tarbiya va pedagogik fikrlar. Reja

Abu Rayhon Beruniyning ilmiy-pedagogik qarashlari. Asarlari:
«Minerologiya», «Geodeziya», «Hindiston», «Qadimgi xalqlardan qolgan
yodgorliklar», «Saydana» va boshqalar.
Ilmiy-pedagogik qarashlari:

ma’naviy qiyofasidagi barcha axloqiy xislatlarni yaxshilik va yomonlik kabi ikki
turga bo’ladi.
Beruniy ta’limotiga ko’ra inson kamolotida uch narsa muxim rol’
o’ynaydi: 1.Irsiyat. 2.Muhit. 3.Tarbiya.
Beruniyning ilmiy bilimlarni egallash yo’llari, usullari xakidagi fikrlari
xozirgi davr uchun ham dolzarbdir. U o’kuvchiga bilim berishda:
-o’quvchini zeriktirmaslik;
- bilim berishda bir xil narsani yoki bir xil fanni o’rgatavermaslik;
-uzviylik, izchillik;
-yangi mavzularni qiziqarli, asosan, ko’rgazmali bayon etish va xokazoga
e’tibor berish kerakligini uqtiradi.
Abu Ali ibn Sinoning tarbiya ta’lim haqida. Asarlari: «Tadbir al-Manozil»,
«Tib qonunlari» «Axloq haqida risola», «Burch haqida risola», «Al-konun», «Ishq
hakida risola», «Xay ibn-Yakzon», «Donishnoma» va boshqalar.
Ibn Sina is often known by his Latin name of Avicenna, although most
references to him today have reverted to using the correct version of ibn Sina. We
know many details of his life for he wrote an autobiography which has been
supplemented with material from a biography written by one of his students. The
autobiography is not simply an account of his life, but rather it is written to illustrate
his ideas of reaching the ultimate truth, so it must be carefully interpreted. 2
Ibn Sino dunyoga Lotincha talqin etilgan Avitcenna nomi bilan ma'lum. U
haqida bugungi kunda turli ma’lumotlar mavjud. Ibn Sinoning hayoti haqidagi
ma’lumotlarni uning talabalari tomonidan yozilgan manbalar tufayli to’liqroq
ma’lumot olish imkoniyatiga egamiz.
Ibn Sina's two most important works are The Book of Healing and The Canon
of Medicine. The first is a scientific encyclopaedia covering logic, natural sciences,
psychology, geometry, astronomy, arithmetic and music. The second is the most
famous single book in the history of medicine. These works were begun while he
was in Hamadan.
Ibn Sina's wrote about 450 works, of which around 240 have survived. Of the
surviving works, 150 are on philosophy while 40 are devoted to medicine, the two
fields in which he contributed most. He also wrote on psychology, geology,
mathematics, astronomy, and logic. His most important work as far as mathematics
is concerned, however, is his immense encyclopaedic work, the Kitab al-Shifa' (The
Book of Healing). One of the four parts of this work is devoted to mathematics and
ibn Sina includes astronomy and music as branches of mathematics within the
encyclopaedia. In fact he divided mathematics into four branches, geometry,
astronomy, arithmetic, and music, and he then subdivided each of these topics.
Geometry he subdivided into geodesy, statics, kinematics, hydrostatics, and optics;
astronomy he subdivided into astronomical and geographical tables, and the
calendar; arithmetic he subdivided into algebra, and Indian addition and subtraction;
music he subdivided into musical instruments.3
Ibn Sinoning ikki eng muhim ishlari “Kitobush shifo” va “Tib
qonunlari”hisoblanadi. “Kitobush shifo”da mantiq, tabiiy fanlar, psixologiya,
geometriya, astronomiya, arifmetika va musiqa fanlari qamrab olingan ilmiy
ensiklopediyadir. “Tib qonunlari” tibbiyot tarixidagi eng mashhurligi bilan yagona
2 http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Avicenna.html
3 http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Avicenna.
kitob hisoblanadi. U bu o’z asarlarini Hamadondayasahagan yillarida yoza
boshlagandi.
Ibn Sino 450 ga yaqin asarlar yozgan ulardan 240 tasi bizgacha yetib kelgan.
Ulardan 40 tasi tibbiyotgabag'ishlangan, 150 tasifalsafiy asarlar, Ibn Sino mazkur
asarlari bilan ilmiy rivojlanishga katta hissa qo’shgan. U, shuningdek, psixologiya,
geologiya, matematika, astronomiya, mantiq fanlariga oid asarlar yozdi. Uning eng
muhim ish sifatida matematika bilan bog'liq bo'lib, shu bilan birga, uning ulkan
qomusiy ishi, “Kitab al-Shifo”(shifolash Kitob)dir. Bu asarningchorak qismi
matematikaga bag'ishlangan va ibn Sino qomusiy asarida astronomiya va musiqa
haqida ma’lumotlarni o'z ichiga oladi. Aslida u matematikani geometriya,
astronomiya, arifmetik va musiqa ichiga olgan to’rt qkismga bo'ladi. Geometriyani
u geodeziya, statika, kinematika, gidrostatika va optika kabi qismlarga ajratadi;
astronomiyani u astronomik va geografik jadvallar va taqvimlarga bo'ladi; U
algebrani arifmetik va Hindcha qo'shish va ayirishga; musiqani u musiqa asboblari
turlariga bo'ladi.