The Continent as Object of Knowledge
187
theme that dominates the remainder of the work: the problem of stable
government and the importance of cooperation between the court, in-
cluding the regency, and
bakufu
.
In a conventional sense, Jien’s historiographic endeavor was a failure.
Not only did it fail to forestall the J
ō
ky
ū
Disturbance, but it also does
not seem to have attracted much of a contemporary readership.
139
If the
author’s demanding prose was not the only explanation for its limited cir-
culation, another reason might be the limitations of the principle-based
discourse it suggests. In
My Humble Thoughts
, Jien tasks the rhetoric of
principles with both driving and curtailing historical change. His solu-
tion is a proliferation of principles, allowing them to become tools that
simultaneously explain history as both inevitably in decline and not—or
not really. Yet what is one to make of the fact that many of Jien’s princi-
ples seem to be finite in scope and applicability? Or of his conclusion that
the present is an age without principles?
140
Even if the reader of
My Humble
Thoughts
stops short of agreeing with the memorable characterization of
the work as something “which today serves mainly to illustrate the con-
fusion of its author’s mind,” the rhetorical and conceptual gymnastics that
Jien’s approach requires did not spawn imitators.
141
But if one thinks of Jien’s conundrum as symptomatic of broader so-
cietal trends, then his failure has more to say about changing intellectual
currents than “bad” writing. It demonstrates that the principle had be-
come an unsuitable means of explaining historical trajectories, once the
historian was charged with doing something other than presenting a rela-
tively straightforward narrative of decline.
142
The Water Mirror
had nar-
rowed the focus on the principle-driven past to promote a specific uni-
linear movement through time, but in Jien’s attempt to expand the focus
to accommodate a flexible future, the rhetoric of principles had hit a limit.
Once principles were called upon to accommodate every bump in the his-
139. On its reception in
the traditional narrow sense, see Fukazawa, “Rekishi no
‘gaibu’ ni tatsu koto,” 151. However, Fukazawa argues that it had more indirect influence.
140. Nakajima,
Gukanshō
, 589. This closes his discussion of the seven historical stages
and their principles noted above.
See also Brown and Ishida,
Future and the Past
, 208.
141. Quoted in Willia
m
H. McCullough and Helen McCullough,
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