The Continent as Object of Knowledge
189
one considers the following remarks of Emperor Taizong of the Tang
(mourning the loss of his trusted advisor and former tutor, Wei Zheng,
580–643 CE) to which Shigenori is alluding:
夫以銅為鏡,
Those who use bronze as a mirror
可以正衣冠;
can set to rights their robes and caps.
以古為鏡,
Those who use the past as a mirror
可以知興替;
can comprehend changing fortunes.
以人為鏡,
Those who use man as a mirror
可以明得失。
can understand gains and losses.
朕常保此三鏡,
We always maintain these three mirrors
以防已過。
to guard against transgression.
144
The past here is part of a catalogue of materials that can be used in a cor-
rective or preventive capacity. Rather than turning to the past for a rev-
elation of the existence of Buddhist principles that drive historical change,
the ruler looks to it as one means among many for self-regulation—“to
guard against transgression.” This is quite diff erent from the purpose of
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