The Past in the Wake of the Mongols
203
Lastly, if anachronistically, both forms of the
Mirror
suggested by the
two paths of
The Mirror of the East
and
Watchman
survive into the
fourteenth century. There,
The Mirror of the Gods
borrows the format of
The Mirror of the East
even as it explicitly engages with
The Water Mirror.
Thus, it is imperative to consider the bigger picture, one that enables the
location of lines that could connect these texts for medieval readers and
writers, even if they have come to occupy diff
erent categories in the pre-
sent. The first step in this process is to focus on the fork in the
Mirror
path that incorporating
The Mirror of the East
and
Watchman
into the
genre reveals.
Embracing Orthodoxy:
The Mirror of the East
There is no denying that
The Mirror of the East
superficially looks very
diff
erent from the earlier
Mirrors
. Rather than attempting to prove that
it actively draws inspiration from those
Mirrors
—an impossible task—
this section will introduce some of the basic features of the work and con-
sider how
The Mirror of the East
engages with elements common to the
earlier
Mirrors
. This provides a way to think more broadly about what
forms claims for authority take, particularly when presented as a
Mirror
:
in the end, although the specific iterations are diff erent, language, place,
the past, and even principles are just as central to
The Mirror of the East
as they are to earlier
Mirrors
.
The exact circumstances of the composition of
The Mirror of the East
,
including precisely which earlier works it draws from, are unclear.
14
Gomi
points out that even the question of its original title is a matter of con-
tention. He proposes that
The Mirror of the East
refers to a revised and
expanded work dating to roughly the Einin period (1293–99) that is it-
self based on an earlier text.
15
Elaborating on the conventional editorial
14. For speculation on potential types of sources and close readings of several likely
references, see Gomi,
Zōho Azuma kagami no hōhō
, 59–61 and 86–146, respectively.
15. For a summary of his conclusions on dating, including reference to a proposed
earlier history titled
Kamakura jiki
, see Gomi,
Shomotsu no chūseishi
, 463–64. There are
other
theories about the dating, including one that the work was composed in two
stages—which is why a broader range (1266–1306) for its
composition is often pro-