The Past in the Wake of the Mongols
211
Despite the absence of a preface,
The Mirror of the East
does possess
a sense of cosmological imperative. Yet while the entire sociopolitical
world of the
bakufu
is filled with religious practices—ceremonies, offer-
ings, and so on—it is primarily the battles that surround its very exis-
tence that are actually discussed as being directly influenced by cosmo-
logical forces. Given the exclusivity with which this rhetoric is deployed,
focusing on the cosmological forces in the narration of military conflicts
in
The Mirror of the East
allows us to understand the ways in which the
progression of events is justified and interpreted. This rhetoric reflects a
move away from the earlier
Mirrors
’ versions of the past, which were ex-
clusively driven by Buddhist principles and focused on the world’s down-
ward trajectory, and toward an understanding
of warrior successes as
achieved with divine aid and the endorsement of both the
kami
and bud-
dhas. This shift is most evident in the rhetoric of the Genpei War and,
less explicitly, the J
ō
ky
ū
Disturbance (1221) and H
ō
ji Disturbance (1247).
In addition to the abovementioned campaigns,
The Mirror of the East
features an impressive array of military conflicts, including the North-
ern Expedition (1189), the Wada Rebellion (1213), and at least three at-
tempted coups: one in the first month of Sh
ō
ji 3 (1201), another in the
intercalary fourth and fifth months of Kangen 4 (1246), and a final abor-
tive uprising in the seventh month of 1266 that resulted in the deposition
of the first of the princely shoguns, Munetaka, and his removal back to
Kyoto. However, it is primarily the founding war and the imperial upris-
ing of 1221 (and the 1247 war, to a lesser extent) that are treated in cos-
mological terms.
32
To discern whether there is
a consistent cosmological
a preternatural encounter with a monk who refuses to instruct him in the advanced arts
of calculation due to a lack of ability that characterizes the final age (ibid., 2:394–95, the
entry for Shōji 2 [1200].12.3). Hōjō Yoshitoki (1163–1224) assesses the falconry skill of
one Sakurai Gorō (dates unknown) as rare in the “final age” (ibid., 3:126, the entry for
Genkyū 3 [1206].3.13). The copy Sanetomo receives of the
Kokin wakashū
is likewise
dubbed “a treasure of the final age” (ibid., 3:142, the entry for Jōgen 2 [1208].5.29). The
collapse of Suzaku Gate is speculated to be a sign of the final age (ibid., 3:178, the entry
for Jōgen 5 [1211].11.4). An oracle at Enoshima predicts “a rare miracle in the final age”
(ibid., 3:260, the entry for Kenpō 4 [1216].1.15). Lastly, Adachi Kagemori (died 1248)
expresses uncertainty about his descendants, “should this be the final age” in the build-
up to the Hōji Disturbance (ibid., 4:456, the entry for Hōji 1 [1247].4.11).
32. However, the chronicler wonders whether “devils haven’t got a hold of people”
in the lead-up to the clash with the Miura on Hōji 1 (1247).6.5 (Nagahara and Kishi,