Multilingual Writing in Medieval Japan
117
uscript image, which is also representative in terms of content (see fig.
2.1).
First, the ruler’s name and position in the imperial chronology are pro-
vided. A two- or three-phrase synopsis, written in half-size
kanbun
in par-
allel columns, follows. This miniature recapitulation of an imperial reign
typically includes the date of the ruler’s death, his or her age, and the loca-
tion of his or her tomb. This is followed by the main body of the biogra-
phy,
written entirely in
wabun
.
It would be too simplistic to attribute Tadachika’s use of
kanbun
to more formally orthodox historiography and leave it at that. Rather,
bringing
The Water Mirror
into dialogue with its most direct predeces-
sor,
Abbreviated Records
, facilitates a deeper interrogation of this issue
of languages and the impact of Tadachika’s linguistic experimentation.
Reading the two side by side reveals the ways in which Tadachika is ma-
nipulating language not in isolation, but rather together with the structure
and
content of the earlier
kanbun
history.
STRUCTURE(D) BORROWING: TADACHIKA’S
UPDATES TO ABBREVIATED RECORDS
As noted above, to a large degree
The Water Mirror
contains information
also found in
Abbreviated Records
. But the latter also boasts copious con-
tent that does not make its way into Tadachika’s work. Moreover, there
are certain patterns to the types of material that Tadachika never
incorporates—patterns that highlight the new directions he takes with
old materials.
79
In the biographical material, Tadachika’s mostly colloquial and not
exactly court-centered history replicates the underlying structure of the
entries in the more orthodox
Abbreviated Records
: name, fine-print syn-
opsis, and main-body biography. This is immediately apparent when one
sets the two texts next to each other, and it at once reinforces a structural
link between
The Water Mirror
and
kanbun
historiography (see fig
.
2.2).
80
79. The following comparison is based on the surviving entries for rulers common
to
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