Sbu • Statens beredning för medicinsk utvärdering The Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care
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Author Year, reference Country Sample, n Age (yrs) at start Teeth tested Caries preval- ence at start Obs Time (yrs) Drop- out (%) Ex- plained Diag- nostic criteria Exam- iner (n) Relia- bility Predictor variables Validating criteria Statistical methods Results Caries rates Survival time Relative risk (RR) Study quality and relevance Comments Mejàre et al 2004 [2] Sweden
534 12–13 years All children from a com- munity south of Stockholm with mixed socioeconomy Occlu- sal and
approximal surfaces
Radio- graphic
study Mean
DMFT at start: 3.2 Mean DFS approximal: 0.6 15
Ex- plained
No dif- ference
in base- line DFS or DS between
those lost and those followed
Own criteria (radio- graphic)
2 exam- iners
Yes Post-eruptive age: Age groups 12–15, 16–19 and 20–27 Sound to enamel,
enamel to dentine, in dentine, sound to dentine Incidence (caries rate=number of new lesions/100 tooth-sur- face-years) Survival analysis
Caries rates, Sound to dentine for all teeth 12–15 yrs: 2.0 16–19 yrs : 0.9 20–27 yrs: 0.7 Occlusal surfaces, 1st molars 12–15 yrs: 4.4 16–19 yrs: 2.3 20–27 yrs: 1.5 Occlusal surfaces, 2nd molars 12–15 yrs: 6.7 16–19 yrs: 3.0 20–27 yrs: 2.7 High
K A R I E S – d I A G N O S T I K , R I S K B E d ö M N I N G O C H I C K E - I N vA S I v B E H A N d L I N G 298
Table 5.9 Post-eruptive age as risk factor. Studies with low quality and/or relevance. Author Year, reference Country Sample, n Age (yrs) at start Teeth tested Caries preval- ence at start Obs time (yrs) Drop-out (%) Diag- nostic criteria Ex- plained Exam- iner (n) Relia- bility Predictor variables Validating criteria Statist- ical met- hods Results Caries rates Survival time Relative risk (RR) Study quality and relevance Comments Carlos et al 1965 [49] USA
5 068 4–18 years Children and adolescents in Kingston, NY taking part in a prevention programme All perma- nent teeth 6 25
Not repor-
ted No BW
Not reported
Post-eruptive age: 1–6 years after tooth eruption Dentine/
cavity Life table analysis Caries incidence was highest during the first 3–4 yrs after tooth eruption. Most pronounced for 1st and 2nd molars
Low Heterogen- eous sample. Population not exposed to fluoride toothpaste Månsson
1977 [50] Sweden
169 5–6 years All children belonging to 3 school districts in Umeå
taking part in a prevention programme (mouth rinsing 1/week) Occlusal surfaces of permanent 1st molars Mean dmft in primary teeth not stated 27
months 33 Explained Möller 1966
No BW Not
stated Post-eruptive age: Examination at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 27 months after tooth eruption Dentine/ cavity
Life table analysis (made from
reported data)
41% of the molars were caries-free at the end. 25% of the children had no decayed molars at the end. Probability of remaining caries- free at the end of period (months) 3: 0.92
6: 0.80 9: 0.66
12: 0.57 15: 0.49
18: 0.45 21: 0.42
27: 0.41 Low
No reprodu- cibility test 299 K A P I T E L 5 • r I s K b E d ö M n I n g Table 5.9 Post-eruptive age as risk factor. Studies with low quality and/or relevance. Author Year, reference Country Sample, n Age (yrs) at start Teeth tested Caries preval- ence at start Obs time (yrs) Drop-out (%) Diag- nostic criteria Ex- plained Exam- iner (n) Relia- bility Predictor variables Validating criteria Statist- ical met- hods Results Caries rates Survival time Relative risk (RR) Study quality and relevance Comments Carlos et al 1965 [49] USA
5 068 4–18 years Children and adolescents in Kingston, NY taking part in a prevention programme All perma- nent teeth 6 25
Not repor-
ted No BW
Not reported
Post-eruptive age: 1–6 years after tooth eruption Dentine/
cavity Life table analysis Caries incidence was highest during the first 3–4 yrs after tooth eruption. Most pronounced for 1st and 2nd molars
Low Heterogen- eous sample. Population not exposed to fluoride toothpaste Månsson
1977 [50] Sweden
169 5–6 years All children belonging to 3 school districts in Umeå
taking part in a prevention programme (mouth rinsing 1/week) Occlusal surfaces of permanent 1st molars Mean dmft in primary teeth not stated 27
months 33 Explained Möller 1966
No BW Not
stated Post-eruptive age: Examination at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 27 months after tooth eruption Dentine/ cavity
Life table analysis (made from
reported data)
41% of the molars were caries-free at the end. 25% of the children had no decayed molars at the end. Probability of remaining caries- free at the end of period (months) 3: 0.92
6: 0.80 9: 0.66
12: 0.57 15: 0.49
18: 0.45 21: 0.42
27: 0.41 Low
No reprodu- cibility test The table continues on the next page K A R I E S – d I A G N O S T I K , R I S K B E d ö M N I N G O C H I C K E - I N vA S I v B E H A N d L I N G 300
Table 5.9 continued Author Year, reference Country Sample, n Age (yrs) at start Teeth tested Caries preval- ence at start Obs time (yrs) Drop-out (%) Diag- nostic criteria Ex- plained Exam- iner (n) Relia- bility Predictor variables Validating criteria Statist- ical met- hods Results Caries rates Survival time Relative risk (RR) Study quality and relevance Comments Shwartz
et al 1984 [51]
Sweden, USA 758
10–11, 17–18 and 21–22 yrs at the end of study.
Mixed popu- lation from Sweden and US; Swedish population a cohort, US part of a prevention programme on topical application of fluoride Approxi- mal sur-
faces Radio-
graphic study
Mean DFS at start Swed (US) Age 11: 6.6 (8.5) Age 17: 7.9 (8.0) Age 21–22: 13.6
4 Not
stated Own
criteria (radio-
graphic) No of
exam- iners
unclear Not
stated Post-eruptive age: 7–11, 12–16, 17–22 Sound to outer enamel, outer
enamel to inner enamel Survival analysis Mean survival time in months; Sweden (USA) Sound to enamel, age at end 10–11 yrs: 21 (23) 17–18 yrs: 38 (16) 21–22 yrs: 41 Outer to inner enamel, age at end 10–11 yrs: 28 (19) 17–18 yrs: 47 (27) 21–22 yrs: 56 For Swedish group mean survival time, in years Through whole enamel, age at end 10–11 yrs: 4 17–18 yrs: 7 21–22 yrs: 8 Low BW = Bitewing; DFS = Decayed, filled surfaces (permanent teeth); dmft = Decayed, missing, filled teeth (primary teeth) 301 K A P I T E L 5 • r I s K b E d ö M n I n g Table 5.9 continued Author Year, reference Country Sample, n Age (yrs) at start Teeth tested Caries preval- ence at start Obs time (yrs) Drop-out (%) Diag- nostic criteria Ex- plained Exam- iner (n) Relia- bility Predictor variables Validating criteria Statist- ical met- hods Results Caries rates Survival time Relative risk (RR) Study quality and relevance Comments Shwartz
et al 1984 [51]
Sweden, USA 758
10–11, 17–18 and 21–22 yrs at the end of study.
Mixed popu- lation from Sweden and US; Swedish population a cohort, US part of a prevention programme on topical application of fluoride Approxi- mal sur-
faces Radio-
graphic study
Mean DFS at start Swed (US) Age 11: 6.6 (8.5) Age 17: 7.9 (8.0) Age 21–22: 13.6
4 Not
stated Own
criteria (radio-
graphic) No of
exam- iners
unclear Not
stated Post-eruptive age: 7–11, 12–16, 17–22 Sound to outer enamel, outer
enamel to inner enamel Survival analysis Mean survival time in months; Sweden (USA) Sound to enamel, age at end 10–11 yrs: 21 (23) 17–18 yrs: 38 (16) 21–22 yrs: 41 Outer to inner enamel, age at end 10–11 yrs: 28 (19) 17–18 yrs: 47 (27) 21–22 yrs: 56 For Swedish group mean survival time, in years Through whole enamel, age at end 10–11 yrs: 4 17–18 yrs: 7 21–22 yrs: 8 Low
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Author, year, reference Main reason for exclusion Children and adolescents Aaltonen et al, 2000 [91] Not prediction Aaltonen et al, 1994 [92] Only correlation Alaluusua et al, 1983 [93] Too small sample (n=39) Alanen et al, 1994 [94] Too short follow-up time Anderson, 2002 [95] Narrative review Ashley et al, 1981 [96] Not prediction al-Shalan et al, 1997 [97] Retrospective data Bader et al, 2004 [98] Review on prevention Bader et al, 1986 [99] Too short follow-up (18 months) Bader et al, 2005 [100] Predicting restorative treatment only Bawden et al, 1980 [101] Effect of programme Benn et al, 1997 [102] Not answering the question Bergman et al, 1986 [103] Cross-sectional study Berkey et al, 1991 [104] Narrative review Bille, 1980 [105] Modelling data Birkeland et al, 1976 [106] Only associations Bjerkeborn et al, 1987 [107] Cross-sectional study Botha et al, 2001 [108] Cross-sectional study Bratthall, 1997 [109] Narrative article Burt et al, 1983 [110] Longitudinal but only associations Burt et al, 1988 [111] Longitudinal but only relationships Burt, 1993 [112] Narrative review Burt, 2005 [8] Review of concepts of risk Campus et al, 1997 [113] Cross-sectional study Campus et al, 2000 [114] Cross-sectional study Campus et al, 2001 [115] Cross-sectional study Carvalho et al, 1989 [116] Cross-sectional study Caufield et al, 1993 [117] Not prediction Chase et al, 2004 [118] Correlations only Cleaton-Jones et al, 1991 [119] Cross-sectional study Crossner, 1981 [120] Too short follow-up (15 months)
303 K A P I T E L 5 • r I s K b E d ö M n I n g The table continues on the next page Author, year, reference Main reason for exclusion Demers et al, 1990 [121] Narrative review Disney et al, 1992 [122] Not prediction Dodds et al, 1995 [123] Narrative review Douglass, 1998 [124] Methodology Downer, 1978 [125] Correlations only Downer, 1978 [126] Narrative review Drake et al, 1994 [127] Too short follow-up (18 months) Dummer et al, 1990 [128] Covariance analysis, not prediction Ekstrand et al, 1998 [129] Only associations Erickson et al, 1999 [130] In vitro study Frencken et al, 1992 [131] Not prediction Federation Dentaire Internationale 1988 [132] Narrative review Fyffe et al, 2000 [133] Not prediction Granath et al, 1978 [134] Not prediction Granath et al, 1978 [135] Modelling data Graves et al, 1991 [136] Not prediction Graves, et al, 1990 [137] Narrative review Grindefjord et al, 1995 [138] Cross-sectional analysis Grytten et al, 1988 [139] Only associations calculated Habibian et al, 2001 [140] Caries not outcome measure Helfenstein et al, 1991 [141] Statistical modelling of data Heller et al, 2000 [142] Outcome measure = treatment Helm et al, 1990 [143] Correlations only Hill et al, 1967 [144] Not applicable (before fluor toothpaste was introduced) Hintze, 1997 [145] Retrospective, serious systematic bias likely Holbrook et al, 1995 [146] Bivariate associations only Holst et al, 1997 [147] Diagnostic criteria not described Honkala et al, 1984 [148] Cross-sectional study Hunter, 1988 [149] Narrative review Hujoel et al, 1995 [150] Not prediction Hujoel et al, 1999 [151] Not prediction
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Author, year, reference Main reason for exclusion Hänsel Petersson et al, 2004 [152] Not prediction Imfeld et al, 1995 [153] Not answering the question Isokangas et al, 1993 [154] Pilot study, heterogeneous sample Jaafar et al, 1988 [155] Correlations only Kawabata et al, 1997 [156] Model applied backwards Kidd, 1998 [157] Not answering the question Kingman et al, 1988 [158] Too short follow-up time (17 months) Kirchner et al, 1991 [159] Not prediction Klein et al, 1981 [160] Correlation analysis only Klock et al, 1979 [161] Correlation analysis only Klock et al, 1989 [162] Too short follow-up (12 months) Kolehmainen et al, 1985 [163] Too short follow-up (12 months) Krasse, 1988 [164] Narrative review Kristoffersson et al, 1985 [165] Too small sample (n=28) Kronmiller et al, 1988 [166] Prevalence data Källestål et al, 2000 [167] Not prediction König, 1963 [168] In vitro study Köhler et al, 1988 [169] Associations only Lai et al, 1997 [170] Too small sample (25 x 2) Lawrence et al, 1997 [171] Not prediction. 1 year follow-up only Leverett et al, 1993 [172] Too short follow-up (6 months) Leverett et al, 1993 [173] Cross-sectional study Litt et al, 1995 [174] Correlation analysis only Locker, 1998 [175] Not prediction Lu, 1966 [176] Not answering the question MacEntee, 1994 [177] Narrative review MacKeown et al, 2003 [178] Associations only Mancl et al, 2004 [179] Methodology Margolis et al, 1994 [180] Prevalence data Mariri et al, 2003 [181] Case-control study Matejka et al, 1989 [182] Associations only Meldrum et al, 2001 [183] Only associations described Mejàre et al, 2000 [184] Surface risk assessment
305 K A P I T E L 5 • r I s K b E d ö M n I n g The table continues on the next page Yüklə 4,3 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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