151
“TAFAKKUR ZIYOSI”
ilmiy-uslubiy jurnali 2021/4-son
gapga turli tipdagi so‘z formalar: yordamchi
so‘zlar, yordamchi vazifasini bajaruvchi
mustaqil so‘zlar butun bir turg`un
birikma
orqali bog`lanadi
7
.
Ingliz tilida esa sabab erash gap
bosh gapga as, because, since, so, that,
seeing (that), considering; yoki qo‘shma
bog`lovchilar: for the reason that, in view
of the fact that, in so far as (insofar as), by
reason of orqali bog`lanadi
8
.
As he was tired he preferred to stay at
home.
Since there is no help, let us try and
bear it as best we can.
They went down
arm-in-arm - James
with Imogen, because his pretty grandchild
cheered him.
In so far as it is difficult to assign an
external cause to certain happenings, they
are written off
as uncaused or spontaneous
9
.
Bundan tashqari ingliz tilida sabab
ergash gaplar fe`lning shaxsiz formalari,
guruh predloglari: owing to, thanks to orqali
ham birikadi.
Ingliz tilidagi fe`lning shaxssiz
formalaridan biri bo‘lgan gerund for (uchun),
through (tufayli) va guruh predloglari owing
to (sababli, tuffayli), thanks to (tufayli,sababli,
sharofati bilan) lardan keyin kelib sabab
holini ifodalaydi.
Excue me for being so late.
We are obliged to
you for sending us
the latest market reports.
He caught cold through getting his feet
wet
10
.
Bunga qo‘shimcha tarzida yana shuni
ham aytish lozimki, fe`lning ham fe`llik,
ham sifatlik yoki ravishlik xususiyatiga
ega bo‘lgan shakli- sifatdosh ham sabab
holi bo‘lib keladigan sifatdoshli iboralarda
ishlatilishi mumkin. Bu iboralarni sabab
ergash gaplar bilan almashtirish mumkin.
Hozir gapirayotgan
paytimizda sodir
bo‘layotgan ish-harakatlar uchun oddiy
nisbatdagi hozirgi zamon sifatdoshi, agar
ergash gapning kesimi majhul nisbatda
bo‘lsa, hozirgi zamon sifatdoshining majhul
7 Asqarova M. Hozirgi zamon o‒zbek tilida qo‒shma gaplar. O‒zbekiston Fanlar akademiyasi. -Toshkent. 1960. - B. 124.
8 Кобрина Н.А., Корнеева Е.А., и др Морфология. Синтаксис. – Петербург: Союз. 1999. – 335 b.
9 Кобрина Н.А., Корнеева Е.А., и др Морфология. Синтаксис. – Петербург: Союз. 1999. – 335 b.
10 G'apporov M., Qosimova R. Ingliz tili grammatikasi. – Toshkent: Turon – 82 Iqbol, 2006. – 331 b.
11 G'apporov M., Qosimova R. Ingliz tili grammatikasi. – Toshkent: Turon – 82 Iqbol, 2006. – 333 b.
12 Murphy R. English Grammar in Use. Fourth Edition. – Cambridge: University Press 2012. – 380 b.
13 I.G‘afurov, O.Mo‘minov, N.Qambarov TARJIMA NAZARIYASI 0 ‘zbekiston Respublikasi Oliy va o ‘rta maxsus ta'lim vazirligi tomonidan 5220100-Filologiya (tillar bo‘yicha), 5220600 tarjima
nazariyasi va amaliyoti ta’lim y o ‘nalishi talaba lari uchun o ‘quv qo‘llanma sifatida tavsuya etilgan «Tafakkur Bo‘stoni» Toshkent – 2012, 62- bet.
nisbati ishlatiladi:
Having plenty of
time we decided to
walk to the station.
The large building being built in our
street is a new school-house.
Yesterday the professor told us
about the exprimets being carried on in his
laboratory.
11
Yuqorida ta’kidlaganimizdek ingliz
tilida ham, o‘zbek tilida ham sabab
ergash gaplar turli xil grammatik vositalar
yordamida bog`lanadi. O‘zbek tilidagi -gani
uchun,
-ganlik uchun, -gan, -ganlik sababli
(tufayli, sababdan, orqasida, natijasida) kabi
vositalar orqali bog`langan sabab ergash
gaplar ingliz tilidagi as, since, due to the fact
that bog`lovchilari vositasida bog`langan
ergash gaplar bilan ham muvofiq kela oladi:
As they live near us, we see them quite
often
12
Ba`zan sabab ergash gap bosh gapga
nega deng, nima uchun deng kabi turg`un
so‘z birikmalari orqali ham bog`lanishi
mumkin. Sabab ergash gaplarni bosh
gapga bog`lovchi bunday so‘z birikmalari
ko‘proq jonli so‘zlashuv tilida qo‘llaniladi.
Ingliz tilidagi esa since, so kabi bog‘lovchilar
ko‘proq so‘zlashuv tilida ishlatilsa, as, due to
the fact that kabi bog`lovchilar
rasmiy yozma
uslubda ishlatiladi.
Xulosa qilib aytganda, har ikkala til ham
muayyan qoida va qonunlarga bo‘ysungan
holatda sabab ergash gapli so‘zlarni yasaydi.
Bunda ularga qo‘shimchalar, so‘zlar, turg`un
birikmalar yordam beradi. Qo‘shimchalar,
so‘zlar va turg`un birikmalar ingliz tilidan
o‘zbek tiliga ba`zi hollarda tarjima qilinadi,
ba`zi hollarda esa yo‘q. Tarjima qilishning
dastlabki prinsipi shuki, tarjimon original,
ya’ni asliyat matni bilan bir qozonda
qaynamaguncha,
qaynab u bilan bir butunlik
hosil qilmaguncha san’at paydo bo‘lmaydi.
Ya’ni demak, original teksti bilan “qaynash”,
ya’ni uni har tomonlama bilish, tushunish,
egallash, bu – tarjimaning birinchi eng
muhim prinsipi
13
.
Dostları ilə paylaş: