Teaching Productive Skills to the Students: a secondary Level Scenario

b. 
Process-oriented approach 
 
Unlike the product-approach, that focuses on the final product, this approach 
concerns more on the process of how the students develop ideas and formulate them 
into effective writing works. Students are seen as the language creators in which they 
are given chances to experience the process of writing, try to organize and express their 
ideas clearly. 
The activities are intentionally designed to facilitate the students become the 
language creators. Here are list of typical writing activities done in the process approach 
mentioned by Brown (2004:335). (1) focus on the process of writing that leads to the 
final written products, (2) help student writers to understand their own composing 
process, (3) help them to build repertoires of strategies for prewriting, drafting, and 
rewriting, (4) give students time to write and rewrite, (5) let students discover what they 
want to say as they write, (6) give students feedback throughout the composing process 
(not just on the final product) as they attempt to bring their expression closer and closer 
to intention, (7) include individual conferences between teacher and student during the 
process of composition. 

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As an addition, Badger and White states that there are a number of stages that 
the students will experience in composing a piece of writing work namely prewriting, 
drafting, revising and editing. 
Experiencing the preceding stages of writing will make the students write clearer. 
The process approach views writing as the activity of linguistic skills and writing 
development as an unconscious process that occurs when the teacher facilitates the 
students in learning the exercises of writing skill. 
After discussing the characteristics of both product-oriented and process-oriented 
to teaching writing, we can say that the process of teaching writing must focus on both 
approaches. Teachers of English must be able to keep the balance of both approaches. 
In the teaching and learning process, firstly the students are exposed to learn the 
organization of the writing because the clear expression of ideas is the main point in 
writing and the grammatical problems will become the focus in the following step.