The formation and specific characteristics of the labor market in uzbekistan table of contents

Drawing 1. Beveridge curve (vacancy-unemployment relationship)
Movement along the Beveridge curve clearly shows the changing relationship between equilibrium unemployment and cyclical unemployment. For example, at point V, which is located on the curve UV _{1 , just like point} A , the number of unemployed U V _{is significantly greater than} the number of vacancies V _V. The ratio between the number of unemployed and the number of vacant positions describes the state of the labor market, it is called the labor market density coefficient ¹⁰:
K=U _V /V _V .
As a result, employees of employment support services have to use the concept of "job seeker" instead of the term "unemployed", which expands and complicates the scope of tasks of these services. If a job seeker is employed and happy with their job, they may need help finding additional work; if you don't like the job, it is necessary to determine the reason for this (for example, the working conditions are unfavorable or the employee is not suitable for the position). Basharti, if the job seeker is an unemployed person (for various reasons: he has never worked or once worked, or he has recently been fired), he should be given a job and pre-vocational guidance it will be necessary to implement and train a new profession.
In order to assess the real scale of unemployment, it is necessary to improve the registration of the unemployed, to estimate the level of hidden unemployment more accurately in accordance with the methodology of the International Labor Organization.
According to ILO standards, the unemployed population includes people who have reached a certain age, were unemployed during the reporting period, are ready to start work immediately, and are actively looking for work. Thus, in countries transitioning to a market economy, a person who wants to have the status of unemployed must meet the following criteria:

1. 
   They must be registered as jobseekers by the Employment Assistance Center. In the conditions of Uzbekistan, many people do not really use this unemployment status.
   
2. 
   To be considered unemployed, people need to be actively looking for work (usually for at least one to four weeks before contacting the employment service). In our reality - this includes employees registered by the staff of the Employment Assistance Center. But there are regions where the unemployment benefit is higher than the average wage in working enterprises, this is especially typical for idle enterprises, where the dishonest unemployed are not actively looking for work, but are only considered to be looking for it, they are often they also have unrecorded income.
   
3. 
   The status of unemployed and the right to receive unemployment benefits are granted only to those who have previously worked. Generally, the applicant must have had a job within the statutory three months of the previous 12 months. This condition was not fully justified from a social point of view, because those who have worked part-time for four months have the right to receive unemployment benefits, and those who have worked part-time for two months worked, he will not be entitled to benefits. In many Western countries, this condition has had a strong effect on reducing the number of people receiving unemployment benefits.
   
4. 
   Unemployment should not be voluntary. It is believed that this situation does not allow people to behave irresponsibly, to relax without special reasons. However, the line between voluntary resignation and resignation is not always clear, as some people do not want their forced resignations to be recorded.
   
5. 
   An unemployed person should not refuse an offer of employment that the service of the Employment Assistance Center considers "suitable" for him. After all, there is a question about the objectivity of the "Compatible work" criteria.
   
6. 
   The unemployed should not have other sources of income.
   
7. 
   An unemployed person receives unemployment benefit for a certain number of months, after which the amount of the benefit is reduced or its payment is stopped altogether. The prospect of losing unemployment benefits forces the unemployed to focus their efforts on looking for work. However, this situation often leads to accepting a random job that does not correspond to the level of knowledge and training, which ultimately leads to having to leave this position. This can have a serious negative impact on the future life of the employee.
   

It is known that in practice it is difficult to distinguish the effect of structural factors from the effect of cyclical factors, therefore the definitions used by science (frictional, structural, cyclical unemployment and other types of unemployment) have a rather conditional tone. Nevertheless, these definitions can be usefully used, for example, to identify long-term and short-term factors affecting the labor market. Quantifying unemployment is important. The unemployment rate is the main indicator that gives an idea of the current state of the labor market and changes in it over a certain period of time.
1. Indicators of the unemployment rate :
a) registered unemployment rate (Rid) : Rid = Ris / Ifas x 100 = Ris / (Bs+Ris) x 100,

b) total unemployment rate (Uid) :

Uid = Ius / If a s x 100 = Ius / (Bs+Ius) x 100,


c ) full unemployment rate (Tid): Tid = Shbs / If a s x 100 ,

bund a Ris - list a tg a people who are unemployed ; _ _ _

If a s - iqtis o diy f ao l a h o li s o ni, person;
Ius is the total number of unemployed people , people , people who are willing to work _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 'r o vl a rn a tij a sid a a niql a n a di;
Shbbs is a conditional work permit for the following : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Shbbs = ( S Tf - SA f): Xf
bund a S Tf is the researched and compared working time of the economically active population . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
( person - person , person - day ) total fund ; _ _ _ _ _ SA f is the total fund of the company ; _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Xf is the full fund of the working time ( hours , days ) of a person under investigation . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

2. 
   Persistence of unemployment ( months ) - unemployed person until the end of the period under review _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ To find out the average level of job search of the people who are unemployed , as well as those who are currently unemployed . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a vsifl a ydig a n amount o r.
   
3. 
   The density coefficient ( Tk ) of the labor market , fill in the blanks and fill in the list _ _ The unemployment rate ( Ris ) is measured by : _ _ _ _
   

Tk = Ris : S Bs,
bund a S Bs is the total number of vacancies in this category . _ _ _ _ _ _ _
If the number of working people is known in economic statistics , it is the national economy . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ List the number of people who are employed in the Diyotd or Mint Qa and describe the following : a ) Employed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Registering with the help of the local market or the mint . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Find a job and find a job : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
b ) The quality of the unemployed persons who have been assessed according to the IMT method can be assessed . _ _ _ _ _ _ _
The unemployment rate is one of the most important social determinants of economic development in most countries . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a di. It is understood that the unemployment rate of the current population is very low . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Different people perceive the natural level of unemployment differently . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ The average rate of unemployment in Western countries is 4-6 % . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Our economists consider this indicator to be 3-5 % . _ _ _ _ _
The unemployment rate in different countries differs significantly from one another at the same time . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ For one country , the number of " high " unemployment rates , the economic growth of the country _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ It will also be related to the work done by the government . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _