The formation and specific characteristics of the labor market in uzbekistan table of contents

2. 3. Characteristics of the main forms of unemployment

Unemployment is a complex socio-economic phenomenon, which reflects both quantitatively and qualitatively inconsistency (surplus) between the supply of labor force and its demand and supply.

According to the causes of occurrence, unemployment is divided into frictional, structural, seasonal, periodic, etc. types.
The first type is frictional unemployment, which is determined by the private aspects and interests of people. Frictional unemployment - workers leaving their old jobs due to regional, professional or age changes (moving to new places of residence, acquiring new qualifications or specializations, studying, women taking care of children, etc.) , is temporary unemployment until settling in a new one. It is voluntary unemployment in its content and is available in all countries.
Frictional unemployment redistributes a certain part of the existing labor force in society by jobs and creates conditions for their effective use, that is, those who are not satisfied with the old working conditions (remoteness of the workplace, low wages, relative length of the working day, etc.) workers look for new jobs. When they have them, they will get relatively more socio-economic benefits from this work. Frictional unemployment is to some extent economically necessary and natural.
The second type of unemployment is structural (structural) unemployment, which arises as a result of changes in some structural structures and sectors of the economy. A decrease in the need for certain types of products or services, or even a complete disappearance, leads to a reduction in the production of these products (services) or to a complete stop, as a result of which the producers are out of work.
Frictional unemployment and structural unemployment have certain similarities and differences. The similarity is that both types of unemployment are typical for any economy, even a steadily developing economy, and cannot be completely eliminated. The main difference is that in frictional unemployment, employees have some experience, and they can use this experience to sell their labor or find a job in a short period of time. In structural unemployment, the labor force cannot find work immediately or in a short period of time. He should change his qualifications, re-qualify, get information, acquire a new profession. In some cases, it is even necessary to change the place of residence. In frictional unemployment, the labor force can be employed for a short time, while in structural unemployment, the labor force receives re-education and more serious retraining over a long period.
A simple example of structural unemployment can be seen in the past ten years: the widespread use of computer technology has left typewriters and typewriters out of work. In the conditions of the rapid pace of scientific and technical development, many more such examples can be given.
The third type is periodic (cyclical) unemployment - unemployment caused by a decrease in the demand for labor force as a result of a decrease in the volume of production. During the period of the former Union, the disconnection of economic relations caused by the growing disparity between the sectors of the national economy led to a sharp decrease in the volume of production. In Uzbekistan, the number of unemployed has increased due to the lack of market structure, underdevelopment of the raw material processing industry, incomplete creation of conditions for business activities, etc. The decline in production in developed countries is due to the saturation of the consumer market and, as a result, the decrease in demand. In periodic unemployment, the number of unemployed increases dramatically. For example, during the Great Depression in the United States in 1933, unemployment was approximately 25.0%.
Among the first in the economy, developing industries, which have new jobs and large investments, and are increasing production volumes, will come out. Due to the structural restructuring of the economy, new types of unemployment are appearing, although not on a large scale.
There are other types of unemployment in economics, their full classification is given in Figure 4 below.
One of them is institutional unemployment, which is a type of unemployment caused by the inadequate functioning of the labor market (imperfect information on job vacancies, continuity of benefits, etc.). This type of unemployment is caused by labor market institutions themselves. Institutional unemployment occurs when the amount of unemployment benefit as a gross phenomenon is sufficient to meet the basic needs of a person, and because of this, the interest in looking for work is lost.
Institutional unemployment was caused by the introduction of a guaranteed minimum wage as a form of social protection that is absolutely necessary in society. In this regard, a situation arises in which a person agrees to work for a relatively low salary, the employer is ready to pay this salary, but there is no mutual interest in this. Because the employer does not have the right to set wages lower than the minimum level established by law.
In conclusion, we can say that unemployment occurs due to various reasons: periodic unemployment during economic stagnation, seasonal unemployment due to natural factors, structural and technological unemployment during structural changes, and frictional unemployment during the period of imperfect information on the labor market.
The combination of unemployment factors shows the overall unemployment rate in the country. At the same time, real human resources with their own social status, real regions and networks are behind various types of unemployment.
The principle scheme of regulation of the interaction of internal and regional labor markets and their influence on the level of unemployment is presented in Figure 6.
In the 90s of the 20th century, the specific aspects of the labor market situation in the countries of the Commonwealth of Nations, including Uzbekistan, consisted in the fact that the extent of hidden unemployment was combined with the low level of officially registered unemployment . The official unemployment rate in the CIS countries is on average 3.0%, and the hidden unemployment rate is estimated to be 8-11%. Thus, the potential of hidden (latent, conditional) unemployment was extremely high. Therefore, it was very important to determine the prospects of this unemployment changing towards an open form in case of bankruptcy of enterprises.

Figure 5. Types of unemployment, which are distinguished according to the causes of origin and characteristics of manifestation
Hidden unemployment is a special form of unemployment. Its peculiarity is that enterprises with hidden unemployment, which are actually bankrupt, receive artificial support. Hidden unemployment also occurred due to overemployment in enterprises in the conditions of the final decline in production. In fact, if hidden unemployment is detected, it will be a spontaneously created, unused reserve of labor. The expediency of having such a reserve of labor in enterprises is determined by the need to prepare a reserve. That is, in order to fill vacant positions and new jobs, either from among the existing employees in the direction of raising them in terms of their profession and position, or on the basis of the conditions of internship (practice) It is determined by the need to prepare a reserve for the recruitment of employees.
Internal mehn a t boz o ri _ _ are you mex a ? ishg a s o ling a nid a work of the giver it 's sweet unemployment rate _ _ _ _ _ catch a n position _ _ _ _ his this unemployment y a shirishg a desire know a n certain a nm a ydi . It is not possible to recruit employees for this position . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ For this purpose , it is necessary to create the necessary conditions for solving a whole task . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ as much as possible is specified with the necessity of a complete explanation . _ _ _ To be clear , the concept of sweet unemployment is not the same as the normal functioning of the market mechanism . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ He lost his brain . _ _ It is important to note that the employee 's unemployment and forced temporary work are related to unemployment . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ The relative position of the stick is different . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Most of the employees who have lost their jobs in the company have to return to work within the agreed period . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ It is important to know the language of the administrative department . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Some of the employees ( especially during the summer season ) use this opportunity to work in the three - part school . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , he is engaged in many activities , moreover , he is very busy . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Show your face and get to work . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Almost all Commonwealth countries , especially Uzbekistan , have been working in the first five years of the 21st century . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ The rate of growth and development of the people who have a good job is the same . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - is a common word , and it is the right word for the economic growth tendencies of countries . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ In this way , the formation of employment and unemployment is affected by the economic systems and religions of all countries . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ He once again confirmed that his car will be connected . _ _ _ _ _ _ _