The formation and specific characteristics of the labor market in uzbekistan table of contents

1.2. Labor market models
The freedom and voluntariness of labor is the main condition or condition for the formation of the labor market.
In addition, there are a number of economic, social, demographic, natural-climatic and legal conditions and factors that directly affect the formation of the labor market, which we will consider in more detail below.
The main economic conditions for the formation of the labor market (MB) are the individual ownership of wage workers in relation to their labor force and the collective or private ownership of employers' workplaces. Here it should be assumed that these subjects are forced to enter into a relationship of mutual exchange by their personal interests, behind which personal consumerism lies. They, in turn, will be the expression of only the necessary social needs of the population's socio-economic life in reproduction.
The creation of MB requires free and equal partners in economic relations who are ready to compete with each other to achieve a balance between supply and demand for labor. In the market, the wage earner and the employer are interrelated and interdependent in terms of personal freedom and economic necessity, but they oppose each other.
Achieving a market balance between labor supply and demand is one of the decisive economic conditions for the formation of the MB. But there is no such balance. The main reason for this is the rapid increase in the number of the working population offered compared to the amount of demand for it.
Among the social conditions for the formation of the labor market conjuncture, the increase in the quality indicators of hired employees and employers takes a leading place.
The employment contract (contract) concluded between the employer and the hired employee is the decisive legal condition for the sale and purchase of labor in the labor market.
Natural and climatic conditions serve as an important motivating factor for the improvement of the ratio of supply and demand to labor force. In highly productive agricultural lands and well-watered habitats, labor is more concentrated and workplaces function normally. By creating new jobs and expanding existing enterprises, there will be some opportunities to balance the demand and supply of labor. This has a direct impact on the level of redundancy of labor resources, and thus the unemployment rate.
At the same time, the study of the factors that directly affect the increase in the demand for labor force and the decrease in its supply in the regions of our republic with excess labor resources is of the most important socio-economic importance. Factors justifying the increase in demand for labor force include: creation of new jobs in non-agricultural sectors, technical re-equipment, modernization, renovation of existing regions where labor is used, attraction of foreign investments, development of new land, processing industry , providing services and expanding the scope of personal labor activities, developing small and medium-sized businesses and private entrepreneurship, etc. At the same time, factors that reduce the supply of labor force and the need for jobs appear and begin to have an effect: the development of personal auxiliary economy, self-employment, private entrepreneurship and other areas of self-employment, flexible employment and expansion of non-standard forms, implementation of market methods of production and labor organization, reduction of inflation and unemployment, improvement of mobility (mobility) and qualification of local personnel, etc.
contribute to a decrease in the demand for labor in regions with limited labor resources . In particular, this is the development of rent and private ownership, closing of insolvent or environmentally harmful enterprises, reducing the scope of new land development, improving the supply of material, technical and financial resources, using intensive technology, increase labor productivity and so on. In addition, there are factors that increase the supply of labor in these regions: the low level of qualification, education, mobility and exportability of personnel, the high rate of growth of the number of labor resources compared to the number of jobs, the number of dismissals of agricultural workers. increase, lack of employment regions, etc.
At the same time, there are factors that have a significant impact on the state of formation of labor supply in the complex . They include: natural and mechanical actions of job seekers, hired employees and employers; fund of funds necessary for life; monetary income of hired employees; labor and social pensions, benefits and guarantees of pensioners and women of childbearing age; financial capabilities of the state, enterprise and family providing funds to persons in need of professional training or retraining and upgrading their skills; the number of people employed in private household and unpaid "domestic work"; The number of people serving in the Armed Forces and their length of service; improvement of alternative and qualified professional services, etc.
The increase or decrease (dynamics) of labor demand is determined by changes in the following quantitative and qualitative indicators: existing and newly created workplaces; investment potential and its reproduction structure; structural changes in the economy; diversity of forms of ownership; insolvency of enterprises and organizations (bankruptcy), etc.

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