159
After death, the wicked are made to suffer, not by undergoing a chain of incarnations
but rather by entertaining the illusion that they are still alive in this world.
175
This, as
explained above, will last only until they have been stripped of the unclean garments
of mundane thoughts, words and deeds. The purpose of
kaf ha-kela’
, therefore,
is not
to punish the soul for the misdeeds it committed in this world, but rather to purify
and prepare it for entering the world-to-come. Following Rabbi Meir’s
pronouncement on the death of Elisha ben Avuya, that it would have been better to
have judged him first and then allowed him to enter the world-to-come [
‘alma de-
ate
],
176
Rashaz sees the suffering of the sinner’s soul as a transitory stage on its way
to the redeemed world – its recuperation, and as such, a process whose true purpose
is to grant “kindness, not retribution” [
hesed ve-lo nekamah
].
177
The hollow of a sling is not always sufficient for the purification of the soul.
In
particular cases, the tribulation of the “
Gehinom
of snow,” or the “
Gehinom
of
fire” may be necessary, depending on the severity of the transgressions at stake.
178
In
several instances, however,
the punitive role of
Gehinom
is downplayed against its
purifying
and transformative functions, and it is presented as a stage that the soul
must go through on its ascent to the highest level – the upper Garden of Eden [
gan
‘eden ‘elyon
]. For this reason, all the souls that do not merit immediate elevation to
the upper Garden of Eden may ascend after death gradually:
from the hollow of a
sling, through
Gehinom
,
to the lower Garden of Eden, the River of Fire [
nehar di-
nur
], right up to the upper Garden of Eden.
179
Thus the sufferings of the hollow of a
sling,
Gehinom
and the River of Fire prepare the soul for its final ascension. In a
175
Nonetheless, the concept of metempsychosis is present in Rashaz’s teachings and will be briefly
discussed below.
176
See
b
Hagigah 15b.
177
LT
Korah
53d. Notably, it is often difficult to ascertain whether Rashaz
regards the hollow of a
sling as something that happens to individual souls in the unredeemed world, immediately following
their death, or as a transitionary period preceding the resurrection and the collective redemption. Such
confusion between the realm of the souls after death and the redeemed world (either in the messianic
era or at the resurrection of the dead) is common in rabbinic literature. See n. 1 above.
178
See T1, 8:13a; see also Zi, 62b, 237b; Zii 150a-b; Vital,
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