1 republic of uzbekistan ministry of higher and secondary specialised education

this town-these 
towns
, 
that town-those towns
. Comparing various native and non - 
native languages we can find some similarities in their structure. For 
example, in all Turkic languages we find 1) synharmonism, it happens 
in the phonological level; 2) simplicity of affixes, that is, affixes in 
Turkic languages in contrast to affixes in Russian , in most cases, have 
only one grammatical or one lexical meaning ; affixal morphemes in 
Russian are polysemantic; 3) absence of agreement as the type of 
syntactic relations; 4) position of the attribute before the word it 
modifies; 5) presence of the extensive members of the sentence instead 
of subordinate clauses and some other signs which form the stable sum 
of the definite feature of the language. Such stable sum of leading signs, 
which are common to a group of words, form the concrete type of the 
language. As we have already spoken, in the 19
th
century there were 
classified five types of languages: 1) inflected, which include Indo-
European and Semitic languages; 2) agglutinated, which include 
Turkic, Mongolian, Finno-Ugric and Japanese languages; 3) isolated, 
including Chinese; 4) polysynthetic, including Chukot-Kamchadalian 
languages and languages of American Indians with the exception of 
Kechua and Imara in Peru and Bolivia, belonging to agglutinative 
languages, 5)inflected-agglutinated, including the Arabic language. 
Typological classification was made on the basis of the registration 
of signs and peculiarities of word forms and on the basis of words' 
capacity of taking word-forming and word changing morphemes. In 
modern linguistics typological character of the language is defined not 
only on the basis of word-forms but on the basis of types of relations 
too. Besides that, typological signs are defined according to the 
language levels. Analyzing typological signs it is necessary to 
remember B. A. Serebrennikov's interpretation about agglutinative 

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structure. Stability of this structure is proved by two factors: 1) absence 
of the devision of nouns into classes, nouns were divided into classes in 
Indo-European languages and this caused some synthetic languages to 
be inclined to be analytic; 2) presence of the stable word order , that is 
attribute is placed before the word it modifies. 
In Indo-European languages there was a three morpheme structure: 
root+ stem forming suffix, which makes up a stem together with the 
root and the third morpheme is case inflection. Stem-forming suffixes 
were different, therefore stems of the nouns were different too. 
In the result of the development of the language structure stem-
forming suffixes have lost their semantic meaning and have become 
phonetic component of words, interacting with case morphemes and 
combined with the latter all together. Such phenomenon on the one 
hand caused words' three-morpheme structure to change into a two-
morpheme structure; on the other hand it caused the formation of the 
homonymical case forms, which exist in old Germanic languages. 
Further development of this process led to the disappearance of some 
case forms ( or to the disappearance of case system) and to the change 
of synthetic languages into analytic as it took place in the English 
language which is synthetic inclined to be analytical and in some other 
Germanic languages. As we have seen in the course of historical 
development the structure of some inflected languages has changed 
greatly. But there were not such changes in the structure of 
agglutinative languages. In these languages case morphemes are 
agglutinated to unchangeable root stems, therefore case variants 
couldn't come into existence, the latter has shattered the Indo-European 
case system. Morphological limit, that is the place of agglutinating case 
morphemes with root morphemes in Turkic languages remained 
unchangeable for centuries. It is one of the reasons of the stability of 
the agglutinative structure. The stable order of the word combination 
“attribute and the word it modifies”should be understood in the broad 
sense. In agglutinated languages attribute can be expressed by a word , 
by an adjective, by a noun, by a participle, by an attributive construction 
and by an extensive member of the sentence: