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The Neolithic in the South Caucasian Mil Steppe:
A Diverse Mosaic
Barbara Helwing
1
and Tevekkül Aliyev
2
Article submitted: 10 May 2021
Article accepted: 2 June 2021
https://doi.org/10.54930/TARE.2021.3
Abstract
This article provides a synthetic overview on recent research into the Neolithic settlement
history in the Mil Steppe of southern Azerbaijan. Short-lived and closely spaced, these settlement
sites represent short-term and shifting occupations during a narrow time range, from 5800 to 5300
BCE. A highly diverse material culture attests to variable cultural affiliations of the populations,
indicating some influx of ceramic craft traditions from regions to the south, in particular the Ira-
nian highlands. In comparison with neighboring regions, the place of the Mil Steppe Neolithic
within the wider context of Neolithic South Caucasia is evaluated as a distinctive regional variety.
Keywords:
Neolithic,
Mil Steppe, Azerbaijan,
Shifting Occupation Pattern,
Sixth Millennium BCE
Introduction
Within southwest Asia, South Caucasia is a latecomer in regard to the beginning of the Ne-
olithic. It was not until the late seventh millennium BCE that the Neolithic way of life, character-
ized by sedentarism, agriculture, and animal husbandry, took root in the fertile river valleys and
intermontane plains of this region, but then it happened rapidly. Since the mid-2000s, new research
in Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Armenia has both greatly augmented our knowledge but added to our
questions at the same time.
3
It is now obvious that the patterning of “becoming Neolithic” was
complex and dynamic and did not follow a “one size fits all” model. Distinct building and ceramic
traditions characterize individual landscapes, hinting at multiple and distant prototypes for this new
way of life and acting as a faint reminder of the distinct regional patterning of the Anatolian Neo-
1 Barbara Helwing, Vorderasiatisches Museum SMB PK Berlin Geschwister-Scholl-Str. 6 D-10117 Berlin, Germany,
ORCID: 0000-0001-9226-1053 barbara.helwing@fu-berlin.de
2 Tevekkül Aliyev, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography 31 H. Javid
Prospekti AZ-1143 Baku, Azerbaijan, ORCID: 0000-0002-5325-6080, tavakkul55@yahoo.com
3 Christine Chataigner, Ruben Badalyan, and Makoto Arimura, “The Neolithic of the Caucasus,”
Oxford Handbooks
Online, October 2014, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935413.013.13; Antonio Sagona,
The Archaeo-
logy of the Caucasus: From Earliest Settlements to the Iron Age (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017);
Barbara Helwing
et al., eds.,
The Kura Projects: New Research on the Later Prehistory of the Southern Caucasus,
Archäologie in Iran und Turan 16 (Berlin: Dietrich Reimer, 2017).
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