Guney Kafkasya Mil Bozkrlarnda Neolitik - Renkli Bir Mozaik (1)
83 The Neolithic in the South Caucasian Mil Steppe: A Diverse Mosaic - Barbara Helwing and Tevekkül Aliyev The Mil Steppe: A Neolithic Landscape From 2009 to 2015, a joint Azerbaijanian-German Expedition investigated the prehistoric
settlement history of the Mil Steppe as part of a larger collaborative research scheme aimed at
generating a comparative perspective on the Neolithic in South Caucasia. The Mil Steppe covers
the triangle formed by the confluence of the Kura and Araxes Rivers. It originally extended from
the eastern foothills of the Lesser Caucasus until the riparian forest along the Kura. Irrigation
canals parallel to the river have opened the eastern stretches of the steppe for cultivation, and the
archaeological record there must be considered lost, while in the western part an artemisia steppe
zone is preserved (but likewise under threat from industrial agriculture). In the sixth millennium
BCE, the region hosted a savanna-like open landscape with loose shrubs, interspersed with small
valleys and seasonal wetlands in flood zones in the valley bottoms. The valleys were formed by a
series of streams descending from the Lesser Caucasus oriented west-east that have cut deep into
the plain. It is along these ancient valleys that a huge concentration of Neolithic sites is known
from intensive field walking surveys, conducted by Andrea Ricci as part of the research of the
Kura projects.
19 Prehistoric occupation of the Mil Steppe was first observed by the Azerbaijanian Archaeo-
logical Expedition directed by Alexander Iessen.
20 Because of its painted ceramics, the material
was classified “Eneolithic” and was subsequently described as a regionally distinct group post-
dating the Shulaveris-Shomutepe Neolithic of central South Caucasia.
21 We know now that these
are contemporary and that the occurrence of painted material does not indicate a chronological
difference but a distinct stylistic tradition. We have also found that the Neolithic of the Mil Steppe
is far from homogenous and that distinct building traditions and ceramic styles occur here in close
regions.