Content Introduction Chapter 1 Theoretical foundations for the formation of universal educational activities among primary school students

subject -based , which includes the experience, mastered by students in the course of studying the subject area, of activity specific to this subject area in obtaining new knowledge, its transformation and application, as well as the system of fundamental elements of scientific knowledge that underlies the modern scientific picture of the world.

In a broad sense, the term "universal learning activities" means the ability to learn, i.e. the ability of the subject to self-development and self-improvement through the conscious and active appropriation of new social experience. In a narrower sense, the term "universal learning activities" can be defined as a set of student actions that ensure his ability to independently acquire new knowledge and skills, including the organization of this process. This is the ability of a student to independently successfully acquire new knowledge, skills and competencies, including the independent organization of the learning process. This ability to learn is ensured by the fact that universal learning actions as generalized actions open up the possibility of a broad orientation of students, both in various subject areas and in the structure of the learning activity itself, including students' awareness of its target orientation, value-semantic and operational characteristics.³
The main functions of the UUD:
Ensuring the student's ability to independently carry out such an action as learning, set learning goals, seek and use the necessary means and ways to achieve them, control and evaluate the process and results of activities;
​ creating conditions for the harmonious development of the individual and its self-realization on the basis of readiness for continuous education, the need for which is due to the multicultural society and high professional mobility;
Ensuring the successful assimilation of knowledge, skills and competencies in any subject area.
The concept of UUD is based on a system -activity approach that provides:

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  formation of readiness for self-development and continuous education;
  
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  designing and constructing the social environment for the development of students in the education system;
  
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  active educational and cognitive activity of students;
  
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  construction of the educational process, taking into account the individual age, psychological and physiological characteristics of students.
  

The main types of universal educational activities are divided into four blocks: personal, regulatory, communicative and cognitive. Personal universal learning activities provide value-semantic orientation of students (the ability to correlate actions and events with accepted ethical principles, knowledge of moral norms and the ability to highlight the moral aspect of behavior) and orientation in social roles and interpersonal relationships.
In relation to educational activities, two types of actions should be distinguished:

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  the action of meaning formation , i.e., the establishment by students of a connection between the purpose of educational activity and its motive, in other words, between the result of learning, and what motivates the activity, for the sake of which it is carried out. The student should ask himself the question of what meaning, meaning the teaching, the subject under study, the material has for me, and be able to find an answer to it;
  
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  the action of moral and ethical evaluation of the assimilated content, based on social and personal values, providing a personal moral choice.
  

Personal actions make learning meaningful, provide the student with the significance of solving educational problems, linking them with real life goals and situations. They allow you to develop your life position in relation to the world, the people around you, yourself and your future.