Content Introduction Chapter 1 Theoretical foundations for the formation of universal educational activities among primary school students

Regulatory actions ensure that students organize their learning activities. These include:

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  goal-setting as the setting of an educational task based on the correlation of what is already known and learned by the students, and what is still unknown;
  
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  planning - determining the sequence of intermediate goals, taking into account the final result; drawing up a plan and sequence of actions;
  
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  forecasting - anticipation of the result and the level of assimilation, its temporal characteristics;
  
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  control in the form of comparing the method of action and its result with a given standard in order to detect deviations and differences from the standard;
  
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  correction - making the necessary additions and adjustments to the plan and method of action in the event of a discrepancy between the standard, the real action and its product;
  
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  assessment - the selection and awareness by students of what has already been learned and what is still to be learned, awareness of the quality and level of assimilation.⁴
  
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  volitional self -regulation as the ability to mobilize forces and energy; the ability to volitional effort - to make a choice in a situation of motivational conflict and to overcome obstacles.
  

Cognitive universal learning activities include:

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  general education ,
  
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  brain teaser,
  
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  problem setting and problem solving activities.
  

General educational universal actions:

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  independent selection and formulation of a cognitive goal;
  
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  search and selection of the necessary information; application of information retrieval methods, including using computer tools;
  
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  structuring knowledge;
  
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  conscious and arbitrary construction of a speech statement in oral and written form;
  
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  selection of the most effective ways of solving problems depending on specific conditions;
  
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  reflection of the methods and conditions of action, control and evaluation of the process and results of activities;
  
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  statement and formulation of the problem, independent creation of activity algorithms in solving problems of a creative and exploratory nature.
  

Sign-symbolic actions constitute a special group of general educational universal actions:

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  modeling - transformation of an object from a sensual form into a model, where the essential characteristics of the object are highlighted (spatial-graphic or sign-symbolic);
  
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  transformation of the model in order to identify the general laws that define this subject area.
  

Universal logical actions include:

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  analysis of objects in order to highlight features (essential, non-essential)
  
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  synthesis as a compilation of a whole from parts, including independently completing construction, filling in the missing components;
  
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  choice of grounds and criteria for comparison, seriation , classification of objects;
  
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  summing up under concepts, deducing consequences;
  
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  establishing causal relationships,
  
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  building a logical chain of reasoning,
  
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  proof;
  
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  hypotheses and their justification.
  

Problem solving and problem solving:

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  problem formulation;
  
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  independent creation of ways to solve problems of a creative and exploratory nature.