Content Introduction Chapter 1 Theoretical foundations for the formation of universal educational activities among primary school students

Chapter 2 Multimedia teaching materials as one of the means
formation of cognitive UUD in mathematics lessons
2.1. The concept of multimedia learning materials and their role in
teaching mathematics
Multimedia is a means of knowledge. Modern computer technologies provide great opportunities for the development of the educational process. More K.D. Ushinsky remarked: "Children's nature requires visibility." Now these are no longer diagrams, tables and pictures, but a game that is closer to children's nature, even if it is scientific and educational. Multimedia is a means or tool of knowledge in various lessons. Multimedia contributes to the development of motivation, communication skills, the acquisition of skills, the accumulation of factual knowledge, and also contributes to the development of information literacy. Multimedia also brings an ethical component - computer technology will never replace communication between students. It can only support the potential of their joint pursuit of new resources and is suitable for use in various learning situations where students, while studying a subject, participate in a dialogue with peers and teachers regarding the material being studied. Multimedia such as slide presentation or video presentation has been available for a long time. The computer is currently capable of manipulating sound and video to achieve special effects, synthesizing and playing sound and video, including animation, and integrating it all into a single multimedia presentation. Modern multimedia has unique didactic possibilities. We list only those of them that are already used in the practice of pedagogical work:
- present information to the student in various forms: text, graphics, audio, video, animation, etc.;
- control the time parameters of the lesson for each student;
- to give out a large amount of information in parts, so the material being studied is easier to digest than the material of textbooks and articles;
-activate the processes of perception, thinking, imagination and memory;
to mobilize the attention of the student;
-significantly reduce the time spent by the teacher on the control of normative knowledge;
- be accurate and objective in assessing knowledge;
- print, reproduce and comment on information;
- enter the global information community.
Multimedia applications (products, programs) can be used to organize a learning environment applicable in a variety of learning contexts in which students learn learning material and participate in a dialogue with classmates and teachers. The reasonable use of visual teaching aids in the educational process plays an important role in the development of observation, attention, speech, and thinking of students. The richest opportunities for this are presented by modern information computer technologies. Unlike conventional technical teaching aids, ICTs allow not only to saturate the student with a large amount of ready-made, strictly selected, properly organized knowledge, but also to develop the intellectual and creative abilities of students.
Multimedia educational materials include:

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  Interactive board;
  
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  Interactive polling system;
  
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  Various educational programs;
  
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  multimedia screen;
  
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  Network educational programs;
  
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  Simulation technologies;
  
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  diagnostic complexes.
  

The tasks of using multimedia educational materials in the educational process:

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  stimulation of cognitive processes of cognition of students, primarily influencing the perception and understanding of educational material;
  
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  increasing the motivation of students' cognitive activity;
  
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  a variety of forms of education, expanding the number and availability of various sources of information, ensuring the convenience of obtaining it;
  
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  reduction of contradictions between the increasing flow of information and limited time for its study;
  
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  development of teamwork skills and collective cognition;
  
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  raising the general cultural level of students, contributing to their aesthetic education.
  

Multimedia teaching materials can be used:
1. To announce the topic. The theme of the lesson is presented on the slides, which summarize the key points of the issue under consideration.
2. As an accompaniment to the teacher's explanation. In practice, primary school teachers use multimedia presentation notes created specifically for specific lessons, containing a brief text, assignments, basic formulas, diagrams, drawings, video clips, sample records for mutual control and self-control.
3. As an information and training aid. In teaching, a special emphasis is placed today on the child's own activity in search, awareness and processing of new knowledge. The teacher in this case acts as the organizer of the learning process, the leader of the students' independent activities, providing them with the necessary assistance and support.
4. To control knowledge. The use of computer testing increases the efficiency of the educational process, activates the cognitive activity of schoolchildren. Tests can be variants of cards with questions, the answers to which the student writes down in a notebook or on a special answer sheet, at the request of the teacher, the change of slides can be set to automatically transition after a certain time interval.
The most effective use of a computer in mathematics lessons:

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  when conducting an oral account (the ability to promptly present tasks and adjust the results of their implementation);
  
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  when studying new material (illustration by various visual means; motivation for introducing a new concept; modeling);
  
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  when checking frontal independent work (quick control of results);
  
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  when solving problems of a teaching nature (performing drawings, drawing up a work plan; developing certain skills and abilities);
  
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  when organizing research activities of students;
  
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  when integrating subjects of the natural-mathematical cycle.
  

Particular attention should be paid to the issue of sharing multimedia presentations and workbooks. You should not rely only on the capabilities of the computer, although it provides excellent means for visual and colorful presentation of information on the topic under study, the texts of the main definitions and other fundamental information should still remain with the students in the form of a "paper copy". When solving problems in which you need to perform any calculations yourself and enter ready-made answers in the indicated places, it is also advisable to do this in a workbook.
It is also necessary to dwell on the difficulties and disadvantages of using multimedia teaching aids in the educational process, which also reveal the problems of creating and applying training presentations:
1. Not all students and not in any educational situation can take advantage of the freedom that multimedia tools provide in the process of organizing independent work and in self-study.
2. Dissipation of attention. When using complex and confusing ways of presenting information, violating the logic of presenting the material for the sake of colorfulness and richness of the information provided, students' attention is often distracted or distracted. Moreover, the ability of people (and especially children of a certain age) to use various senses at the same time is limited, which can negatively affect the educational potential of multimedia materials.
3. The lack of selective feedback often leads to the inability to take into account the individual characteristics of the student.
4. Limited computer simulation. No multimedia learning tool can fully replace natural objects and real experiences.
5. Insufficient readiness of teachers and students to use multimedia tools in their work, as well as in the process of organizing joint cognitive activities.
6. Sufficiently high complexity of creating multimedia materials and products.
7. Technical difficulties and limitations, ultimately related to the competence of the teacher in the field of application of information and communication technologies, as well as taking them into account in their work. [eleven]
Thus, the use of multimedia materials in a mathematics lesson helps to activate students and improve the quality of knowledge, expands the horizons of school mathematics. In addition, the computer potentially prepares students for life in modern conditions, for analyzing a large flow of information and making decisions. In fact, the main meaning of the use of multimedia in education comes down to the implementation of the traditional didactic principle of visibility and the more modern principle of interactivity in the learning process in the new conditions of the development of education and the scientific and technical process.