A next generation access divide?
Other than the competitive conditions which may arise from the deployment of next generation access
networks there is a further concern regarding the coverage of these networks. This arises because FTTH
networks are likely to only serve relatively dense population areas. It is also in those dense areas that a
potential for facilities competition may still remain. Figure 4 illustrates well the challenge facing
incumbents and new entrants. France Télécom estimates that very dense populated areas (covering around
40% of inhabitants in France) will over the next five years be subject to competition in FTTH with four
companies competing for customers. The next 30% of inhabitants living in the less dense areas will have
access to local loop unbundling offers but are unlikely to have fibre access. They may also have the
potential for high speed from cable networks, if cable investment takes place, in extending their reach in
terms of homes passed by broadband cable (see Figure 4). However, in this example, the last 30% of the
population will have access to much lower speeds, declining rapidly according to distance from switches,
based on ADSL and probably without a choice between service providers unless access is made available
through wireless offers. Telecom Italia envisages coverage of up to 5% in 20 main cities during 2007-
2009, moving to 65% in the long term, covering 1 140 cities.
55
The economics of deploying fibre is such that it would not be cost effective to provide fibre to all
communities or geographic areas. The difficulty in extending coverage, shown by the above scenarios,
could occur in many OECD countries so that alternative networks need to be encouraged. In some
countries cable networks are more widely dispersed and cover smaller (less dense) communities. There
may be other alternatives to supplement ADSL coverage in areas with less dense population. Such
alternatives include local networks (for example municipal networks
56
) or alternative technologies
including fixed wireless technologies.
Dostları ilə paylaş: |