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Figure 138.
Herbivores, like this (a) mule deer and (b) monarch caterpillar, eat primarily plant material.
(credit a: modification of work by Bill Ebbesen; credit b: modification of work by Doug Bowman)
Carnivores
are animals that eat other animals. The Latin origin of the word carnivore literally
translates to "meat eater." Invertebrate carnivores include sea stars, spiders, and ladybugs, which are
examples of vertebrate carnivores. Lions, tigers, and other wild cats
are examples of vertebrate
carnivores, as are snakes and sharks. Obligate carnivores are those that must exclusively consume
animal flesh in order to survive; members of the cat family like lions and cheetahs are examples of
obligate carnivores. A facultative carnivore is one who consumes both animal and non-animal foods.
Dogs would be classified as facultative carnivores because there is no distinct line separating them
from omnivores.
Figure 139.
Carnivores like the (a) lion eat primarily meat. The (b) ladybug is also a carnivore that
consumes small insects called aphids
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(credit a: modification of work by Kevin Pluck; credit b: modification of work by Jon Sullivan)
202
Omnivores
are animals that eat both plant- and animal-derived food. To be an omnivore in
Latin is to consume all food. Figure 140a depicts a bear, a chicken, and a human as examples of a
vertebrate omnivore. Cockroaches and crayfish are examples of an invertebrate omnivore (shown in
Figure 140)

.
Figure 140.
Omnivores like the (a) bear and (b) crayfish eat both plant and animal based food
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