Ijpsr (2009), Issue 1, Vol

Cryosurgery / Cryotherapy: This therapy is used to treat precancerous growth on the cervix and skin by argon gas and nitrogen gas to destroy abnormal cells from extreme cold.

Lasers: This treatment is used for more precise surgeries because it has an accurate focus on small areas and it is also used to shrink or destroy a tumor. This powerful beam of light is used for treatment on the skin or inside the lining of internal organs. For example, vaginal, cervical, basal cell carcinoma.

Hyperthermia: In this therapy, the small body part is exposed to a high temperature so this heat kills cancer cells and makes sense to radiation or chemotherapy drugs. High energy radio waves are used to provide heat.

Photodynamic Therapy: In this therapy, photodynamic drugs are used to treat cancer cells. These drugs are reacting with a particular light, and then tumors are exposed to that particular light, and this drug becomes active and kills cancer cells that are nearby it. Non-small cell lung cancer and skin cancer are treating by this therapy.

How it Works: Surgery conditions are depending on the cancer type and advancements of cancer. Surgery can be used to:

• 
  Remove the entire tumor
  
• 
  Remove some but not all tumor. De-bulking is used when removing an entire tumor might damage an organ or the body.
  
• 
  Remove tumor that causing pressure or pain.
  

Problems: Common problems are:

• 
  Pain: Pain at the part of the body where surgery has happened is a common problem regarding surgery.
  
• 
  Infection: Infection can cause after surgery, it can be prevented by taking antibiotics.
  

Radiation therapy/Radiotherapy: In this therapy high doses of radiation are used to treat cancer by shrinking tumors, killing cancer cells, and slow the growth of cancer cells by damaging their DNA
because the damaged DNA does not repair and the cell die which is removed by the body. The treatment takes weeks or months and prevents from returning. Radiopharmaceuticals are the drugs of systemic radiation therapy, are used to treat pain that spread to bones, and the external beam is used to treat pain, loss of bowel, bladder control, and trouble breathing by the shrinking tumor. Systemic means the treatment travel through the blood to tissue throughout the body and treatment received by IV and by swallowing ^30-33.
Examples,

• 
  Brachytherapy is used to treat breast, neck, cervix, and eye and head cancer with the help of external beam
  
• 
  Thyroid cancer is treated by radioactive iodine or i-131.
  
• 
  Radio nucleotide therapy is used to treat the gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor and advance prostate cancer.
  

Radiation therapy is given with other cancer treatments for better results such as chemotherapy, surgery, and immunotherapy. For example, radiation therapy in combination with surgery:

• 
  Before surgery, radiation therapy used to shrink the cancer
  
• 
  During surgery, the radiation will go directly to cancer,
  
• 
  After surgery, to kill cancer cells which remain?