Yuqori klassika. Er. av. V asming ikkinchi yarmidan boshlab, Gretsiya siyosiy, iqtisodiy va madaniy ravnakining oltin davrini boshidan kechirdi. Sarratning hamma turi va janrlari rivojlanib, yuqori klassika davri kishilaming estetik ideal haqidagi tushunchalarini mukammal badiiy obrazlarda ko‘rsatdi. Yuqori klassika davrida Afina akropoli o‘zining tugal ko‘rinishini egalladi. Perikl tashabbusi bilan Afinaning ichki qa’Iasi-Akropol qayta tiklandi. Bu ka’la Eron-grek urushida vayron boigan edi. Er. av. V asming uchinchi choragida bu yerda oq marmardan yasalgan grek me’morligining nodir durdonalari boigan. Parfenon, katta darvozaxo- na-Propiley, qanotsiz g‘alaba ma’budasi Nikega atab qurilgang ibodat xona (Nike Apteros) qad ko‘tardi. Bu binolar badiiy bezaklarga boy boigan. Masalan Propiley devorlari davlatning jangovor o‘tmishini tasvirlovchi suratlar bilan bezatilgan. Akropolning ochiq maydonida Afina xaykali o‘matilgan. Afina akropoli davlatning kuch-qudratini va ulugiigini o ‘zida ifodalab, grek tarixida birinchi bor umum ellin birligini namoyish etuvchi me’morlik ansambli edi. Akropol tepali- gining yon bag‘rlarida qurilgan ibodatxona va tomoshaxonalar esa uni yanada mu’tabar, muqaddas dargoh darajasiga ko‘targan122. Grek klassikasi me’morligining beqiyos namunasi, akl-zakovot va afinaliklar xomiysi boigan Afina ma’budasiga bagishlangan Parfenon ibodatxonasi hisoblanadi. Er. av. 447-438-yillarda me’moriar Iktin va Kallikrat tomonidan qurilgan bu ibodatxona afmaliklaming xazinasini saqlash uchun xizmat qiladi. Parfenon ibodatxonasi bezak va xaykallari esa davrning buyuk xaykaltoroshi Periklning yaqin safdoshi Fidiy rahbarligida bajarilgan. Parfenon akropoldagi eng baland binodir. Bino uchun, asosan, doriy 122
Auguste Choisy. The World History o f Architecture. London. 2009. P-157 (The Acropolis of Athens is an
ancient p jafej located on a high rocky outcrop above the city o f Athens and contains the remains o f several ancient
buildings of great architectural and historic significance, the most famous being the Parthenon
The
word aaapoli? comes ftom the Greek words OKpov
(aknm, "highest point, extremity") and яо).ц
(polls, "city"). Although there are many other acropoleis in Greece, the significance of the Acropolis of Athens is such that
it is commonly known as "The Acropolis" without qualification.
While there is evidence that the hill was inhabited as f ir back as the fourth millennium BC, it was Pericles (c. 495 -
429 BC) in the fifth century BC who coordinated the construction o f the site's most important buildings including
were seriously damaged during the 1687 siege by the Venetians in the Morean Warwhen the Parthenon was being
used for gunpowder storage and was bit by a cannonball)