Mavzu: Xlor va uning birikmalari. Reja

Mg(ClO4)2 – Magniy perxlorat Oq, juda gigroskopik, qurituvchi ta’sir ko‘rsatadi (angidron). Parchalanmasdan suyuqlanadi. Keyinchalik qizdirilganda parchalanadiyu suvda yaxshi eriydi. Kation bo‘yicha juda kuchsiz gidrolizlanadi. Ishqorlar, suyuq ammiak bilan ta’sirlashadi. Olinishi; qarang: 1047 Mr = 223,20; d = 2.21; tc = 246° C; ks = 99,2(20),109,2(50).
1. 4Mg(ClO4)2 = 2MgO + 2MgCl2 + 2C12 + 15O2 (382-500° C).
2. Mg(ClO4)2 ·6H2O = Mg(C1O4)2 + 6H2O (100° C gacha, vak.),

2{Mg(ClO4)2 ·6H2O} = 2Mg(OH)2 + 2Cl2 + 7O2 + 10H2O (180- 190° C).

3. Mg(C1O4)2 (suyul.) + 6H2O = [Mg(H2O)6)2+ + 2C1O4-
4. [Mg(H2O)6]2+ + H2O↔ [Mg(H2O)5OH)]+ + H3O+; pKk= 11,42.
5. Mg(C1O4)2 + 2NaOH (suyul.) = Mg(OH)2↓+ 2NaClO4,
6. Mg(ClO4)2+Ba(C1O4)2+ 6NaOH(to‘yin.) = Ba2[Mg(OH)6]↓+6NaClO4 (qayn.).


ClF – Xlormonoftorid Rangsiz gaz, uy temperaturasida parchalanadi. Reaksion qobiliyati yuqori, suv, ishqorlar, metall va metalmaslarni ftoridlari kremniy (IV) – oksidi bilan reaksiyaga kirishadi. Olinishi; qarang: 4838, 5044. Mr = 54,45; ds= 1,6(100); tc= -155,6° C; tq= -100,1° C.
2. C1F + H2O (sov.) = HF + HClO,
4C1F + 2H2O (iss.) = 4HF + 2Cl2↑ + O2 ↑.
3. C1F + 2NaOH (suyul., sov.) = NaF+ NaClO + H2O.
4. C1F + F2 = C1F3 (200° C).
5. 2C1F + ClO2F = ClOF3 + C12O (0° C).
6. 4C1F + SiO2 = SiF4 + 2C12 + O2 (uy t0).
7. 2C1F(s) + EF5 = (C12F+)[EF6] (E = As, Sb),

ClF + MF = M[ClF2] (175° C,p,M = K, Pb, Cs).

8. 3C1F(s)↔C12F+ [aniqrog‘i, C1(C1F)+] + [C1F2]'.


ClF3 – Xlor triftorid Rangsiz gaz, yashiltob – sariq suyuqliq (Cl2F6 – dimeri). Suyuq HF bilan cheklanmagan miqdorda aralashadi. Reaksion qobiliyati yuqori, suv bilan shiddatli reaksiyaga kirishadi, ishqorlar, kremniy (IV)– oksidi,metall oksidlar, metall va metalmaslarining ftoridlari bilan reaksiyaga kirishadi. Olinishi; qarang: 4838, 5031,4 Mr = 184,89; d(s) =1,866(10); tc = -76,31° C; tq = +11,76° C.
1. 2C1F3 = C12 + 3F2 (t0› 300° C).
2. C1F3 + 2H2O (sov.) = 3HF + HClO2,

3C1F3 + 6H2O(iss.) = 9HF + HC1 + 2HClO3.

3. 3C1F3 + 12NaOH (suyul.) = 9NaF + NaCl + 2NaC1O3 + 6H2O.
4. ClF3 + F2 = C1F5 (350° C, p),

C1F3 + Cl2 = 3C1F (1800 C, p).

5. 2C1F3 + OF2 = ClOF3 + C1F5 (uy t0),

6ClF3 + 2NaC1O3 = 3ClO2F + 2NaCl +3C1F5 (uy t0).

6. 4C1F3 + 3SiO2 = 3SiF4 + 2C12 + 3O2 (uy t0).
7. 4C1F3 + 6NiO = 6NiF2 + 2C12 + 3O2 (100° C),

2C1F3 + 3Ag = 3AgF2 + Cl2 (120° C, p).

8. ClF3(s) + MF = M[ClF4] (M = K+, Pb+, Cs+, NO+).

C1F3(s) + EF3 = (C1F2+)[EF6] (E = R, As, Sb, Bi).

9. 2C1F3(s) = Cl2F6(s) ↔ C1F2+ + [C1F4]-