D3.3 Very basic grammar for I Revision 0.1
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DeepThought IST-2000-30161 Page 44 (of 55)
11 ABSOLUTE PHRASES: PARTICIPIAL AND GERUNDIVE
11.1. Introduction
Absolute phrases (both participial and gerundive phrases) in italian
usually occur in a
sentence initial position and play the role of (mainly) temporal modifiers.
For examples:
1. Partita Maria,
Giovanni pianse
2. Partita, Maria pianse
3. Baciato il marito, Maria è felice
4. Baciato
dagli amici, Giovanni è commosso
5. Ucciso Cesare, Roma cadde
nella confusione
6. Avendo
distrutto la moto, Giovanni va a piedi
7.
Partendo per le vacanze, Maria sorrideva
A first distinction can be operated between AAP (
Absolute Aspectual Phrase) and APP
(
Absolute Predicative Phrase)
8
:
•
AAPs: gerundive phrases
(for all types of verb) and
participials
with an “
active
”
diath (for
transitive verbs
with a
direct object
or
intransitive verbs
(with or without
subject) [see sentences 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7]
•
APPs: participials
with a “
passive
” diath (for
transitive verbs
neither preceded nor
followed by an NP (the surface subject cannot be expressed) [see sentence 4]
The main difference between AAPs and APPs (not taking in account semantic or temporal
and aspectual problems) is caused by the syntactic role: AAPs are
modifiers
of the
governing phrase (matrix phrase); APPs are “predicatives” of the matrix phrase subject, in a
kind of subj-control structure.
8
See
Luca Dini,
Aspectual Constraints on Italian Absolute Phrases, 1995
D3.3 Very basic grammar for I Revision 0.1
_________________________________________________________________________________
DeepThought IST-2000-30161 Page 45 (of 55)
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