9. Relaxation
Stanislavski’s thoughts on relaxation were based on the premise that in order to achieve
control of all motor and intellectual faculties, the actor needed to relax his muscles: ‘Muscular
tautness interferes with inner emotional experience’ (AAP 96). However, his line of reasoning on
this was somewhat unclear. On one hand he quite rightly identified muscular tautness as the cause
for several constrictions in performance. Some of these constrictions could be loss of fullness of
voice, a ‘wooden’ physical appearance, or the blockage of creativity. These concerns were valid
because actors have been known to ‘clam up’ through muscular tension. However his suggestion
that only when an actor was totally relaxed, could the performance be any good, is problematic.
Let us consider his statement for a moment, with regard to ballet, a highly disciplined art
form. When ballerinas appear to effortlessly glide, leap, pirouette, they are not completely relaxed,
but hold certain abdominal muscles tightly in. They also stretch or contract other muscles in order
to achieve that fluidity of motion. In fact, if they were totally relaxed, they would lose energy, form
and not be able to achieve their high level of artistry. Instead, an opposition in contraction and
elongation of muscles helps achieve that look of effortlessness.
10. Communion
Communion for Stanislavski was communication with the audience indirectly through
communion with other actors. Stanislavski called for the unbroken communion between actors
which would hold the attention of the audience.
He differentiated between being in communion with a real partner and in communion with
an imaginary person. With a real partner, to be in communion, one had be aware of the other’s
presence, see images and actively transmit them through spoken words with energy. To strive to
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obtain a definite physical result in the partner, for instance, a laugh, a shrug, would stir the
imagination and create strong communion. With an imaginary, unreal, nonexistent object,
Stanislavski felt it was futile to delude oneself into thinking that one could really see it. Instead, the
actor had to ask the question, ‘What if (--) were really here?’
Stanislavski offered an interesting image in discussing communion during the performance
of a soliloquy. Borrowing from Yoga, he identified a vital energy, called Prana by the Hindus. This
Prana was located in the solar plexus and was a radiating center of energy. Stanislavski suggested
that this energy center or the seat of emotion could commune with the brain, (which is generally
accepted as the nerve and psychic center of our being.) So during a soliloquy, the brain held
‘intercourse with feelings, thus providing a ‘subject’ and ‘object’ that could be in communion with
each other.
Stanislavski stressed the importance of external equipment for communion. To illuminate
this importance, Stanislavski, as an experiment bound successively, the hands, feet and torso of a
student. Then he asked the student which part he would like back so that he could express himself.
Surely enough, the student could not decide which physical part was more important because he
realized he needed all parts in order to effectively communicate. This reiterated the importance of
physical apparatus of the actor in achieving communion and stressed the importance of training
this apparatus.
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