fonari» d e b a t a l m i s h o ‘l c h a g i c h
( J )
or qa li i si ti lmay k o n s e n t r a t s i o n
m i n o r a
( 6)
n i ng 7 - yoki 8 - t a r e l k as i g a ber iladi. K u c h l i 9 2 —94% li
sul fat
kislotasi b os i ml i idish
( 2 )
va kislota sarfini b o s h q a r u v c h i ( 4 )
o r q a l i k o n s e n t r a t s i o n m i n o r a ( 6 ) n i n g 5-t ar el ka s ig a berilib, u pastga
t o m o n o qi b t us hi b, k u c h s i z a z o t kislotasi bilan ar al as hi b, suv, azot
kislotasi va sul fat k i s l ot as i d a n tashki l t o p g a n u c h l a m c h i a r a l a s h m a
hosil qiladi. K o n s e n t r a t s i o n m i n o r a ( 6 ) ni ng e n g pastki t are l kasi -
ni ng tag q i s m i g a s hi dd a t l i suv b u g ‘i
ber ilib, u n i n g issiqligi hisobiga
u c h l a m c h i a r a l a s h m a d a n azot kislota bugNari ajralib c h i q a boshlaydi.
A z o t kislotasi b u g ‘lari 343 К — 358 К t e m p e r a t u r a d a k o n s e n
t r a t s i o n m i n o r a
( 6)
n i n g p a s t i d a n y u q o r i g a q a r a b k o ‘tarilib, u n d a n
c h i q i b , s o v i t g i c h - k o n d e n s a t o r ( 7 ) g a kiradi lar. Bu b u g ‘lar t a r ki bi da
a z o t kislotasi b u g ‘l a r i d a n b o s h q a az ot oksidlari va suv b u g ‘lari h a m
b o r b o ‘lib, s o v i t g i c h - k o n d e n s a t o r ( 7 ) d a azot kislotasi b u g ‘lari 303 К
d a k o n d e n s a t l a n i b , 9 8 —9 9% li az ot kislotasini
hosil qiladi va bu
k i sl ot ad a a z o t o k s i d l a r i n i n g b i r q is mi fizik yut i l ad i. T a r k i b i d a azot
oksidl ari b o ‘lgan k o n s e n t r l a n g a n b u az ot kislotasi s o v i t g i c h - k o n d e n
s a t o r ( 7 ) d a n c h i q i b , k o n s e n t r a t s i o n m i n o r a
( 6 )
n i ng yuq or i da g i
i kkita t ar e l k a s i g a y ubor i la di va u l a r d a n k e t m a - k e t pa s tga q a r ab o ‘t a-
t ur i b , s o v i t g i c h - k o n d e n s a t o r ( 7 ) ga m i n o r a
( 6)
n i n g p a s t i d a n k e l a
y o t g a n a z o t kislotasi b u g ‘lari
b i lan p u f l a n i b , a z o t o ks i d l a r i d a n t o z a
lanadi. K o n d e n s a t l a n m a y q o lg an azot kislotasi b u g ‘lari va s uyuq azot
ki s lota sida n ajralib c h i q q a n a z o t oksi dlari abs or bsi ya la ni sh i u c h u n
suv b i lan s u g ‘o ri l ad i ga n a b s o r b si o n m i n o r a ( / J ) ga y ubor i ladi . Bu
y e r d a hosil q i l i ng a n 50% li az ot kislota e r it m a s i yig‘gi ch ( / / ) ga
ber il adi. U y e r d a b u 50% li H N 0 3 suv b il an q i s m a n suyultirili b,
n a s o s
( / 0 )
va s ovi tgi c h ( 9 ) or qa li y a n a q a y t a a b s o r b s i o n m i n o r a
( / J )
g a b e r i l a d i . S u y u l t i r i l g a n a z o t k i s l o t a s i n i n g o r t i q c h a q is mi
b os i ml i idish ( / ) ga yub or i l i b, kuc h l i az ot kislotasi
olish j a r a y o n i d a
ishtir ok e ta di . K o n s e n t r l a n g a n fizik er iga n az ot o k si dl ar i d an t o z a l a n
g a n , 9 8 —9 9 % li m a h s u l i y a z o t kislotasi k o n s e n t r a t s i o n m i n o r a 6
n i n g y u q o r i q i s m i d a n c h i qi b , sovitgich () d a sovitilib, o m b o r x o
n a n i n g ki sl o t a s aq l ag i c hl ar i g a yubori ladi .
K o n s e n t r a t s i o n m i n o r a
( 6)
n in g e n g pastki q i s m i ga ber il a y ot ga n
o ‘ta qi zi ga n b u g ‘n i n g b o si mi 1,5 M P a d a n o s h m a y d i , t e m p e r a t u r a s i
es a 513 К — 518 К a tr of ida . Bugfi at gi ch ( 5 ) ga b e r i l a y o tg a n t o ‘y i n-
g a n suv b u g ‘i ni n g b o s i m i es a 0 , 4 —0 , 6 M P a a t r o f i d a d i r . Ab so r bs i on
m i n o r a ( / J ) d a a z o t o k s i d l a r i d a n de y ar l i t o z a l a n g a n t a s h l a n d i q
n i t r o z a g a z la r i v e n t i l a t o r
( / 4 )
or qa li sulfat k i s l ota sini ng b u g ‘lari va
t u m a n l a r i d a n t o z a l a n i sh i u c h u n el ek t r of i l t rg a ( r a s m d a k o ‘rsatilgan
e ma s ) , s o ‘n g ra esa m o ‘ri orqali a t mo s f e r a havosiga tashlab yuboriladi.
295
I s h l a t i l g an d a n s o ‘ng k o n se n t r a t si ya si 6 5 —6 8 % g a c h a t u s h i b q o l
g a n va t a r k i b i da 0 , 03 % g a c h a ( azot kislotasi b o ‘y i c h a h i s o b l a n g a n -
da ) a z o t oksidlari b o ‘lgan sulfat kislotasi 443 К a t r o f i d a k o n s e n t r a
t si on m i n o r a 6 ni n g pastki q i s m i d a n c h i qi b , u ni k on s en t ra t s i y a s i n i
y a n a q a yt a 9 2 —94% g a c h a k o ' t a r i s h u c h u n t o ‘g ‘r i d a n t o ‘g ‘ri
sulfat
ki slotasini b u g ‘latish q u r i l m a s i g a y ub or i l ad i ; a y r i m h o l a t l a r d a esa
b u ku ch si z sulfat kislota e r it m a s i sovi tgic h (
12)
d a sovitilib, s o ‘ng
ki slota s aq l ag i c hl ar ga yubori ladi .
K u c h s iz azot kislotasining k onsent ra tsi ya si ni kuchl i sulfat ki sl ot a
sini q o ‘llab o s hi r i s h n i ng k a t t a k a mc h i l i g i b o r b o ‘lib, u h a m b o ‘Isa
e l ekt rof i lt rda n ( 9 . 1 7 - r a s m d a k o ‘rsatilgan e m a s ) c h i q a y o t g a n t a s h l a n
di q ga z la r t ar ki bi dagi sulfat kislotasi b u g ‘lari va t u m a n i n i n g m i q d or i
n is b at a n k a t t a, y a ’ni 0 , 3 —0, 8 g / m 3 ga t e n g ek a nl i gi di r.
Bu salbiy
hol at kuc h l i sulfat kislotasi o ‘r ni ga m a g n i y yo k i r ux n i t r a t la r i t u z
larini q o ‘llashga olib keldi.
9.25. K U C H S IZ AZOT K ISLO TASIN I MAGNIY NITRATI
YORDAMIDA KO NSENTRLASH
K u c h si z az ot kislotasi e r i t m a l a r i n i bu usul b il an k o n s e n t r l a s h -
ni ng a f zal li kla r i dan biri sh u ki , o l i n a y o t g a n y u q o r i k o n s e n t r l a n g a n
a z ot kislotasi t o z a b o ‘lib, u n i n g t a r ki bi d a sulfat
kislotasi qol di qlari
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