smith: organisms as persisters
7
“the ability of an organism to react to an environmental input with a change of form, state,
movement, or rate of activity” (West-Eberhardt 2003, 34). The aspect of phenotypic plasticity
most pertinent to the present discussion is
phenotypic accommodation: the capacity of certain bio-
logical systems (those that are organisms) to respond
as a whole to environmental contingencies
which threaten or promote their persistence. Phenotypic accommodation is made possible by
the fact that organisms function as integrated, cohesive wholes. Accepting that organisms are
cohesive wholes does not preclude (nor does it challenge) the view that whole systems can have
as parts other whole systems (e.g., lichens). Some systems require other kinds of systems in or-
der that they can be persisters, and so, insofar as they are persisters, they are so by means of the
systems with which they are associated. While I select whole living systems for consideration
of organismality, I do not thereby diminish the significance of the intermingling of kinds of
whole living systems into greater wholes which, because they are entangled, are also persisters.
That is, any suitably integrated collection of whole living systems can be considered a persisting
system, or one can choose any member of the collective as the focal system. The scale at which
organismality is addressed may depend on the sorts of questions that one asks.
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