his father’s death.
31 To be identified as Saqqāra in Giza? Possibly a deliberate pun on Saḳar, one of the seven Hells
in Islam.
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Osmanlı’da İlm-i Tasavvuf
Three hundred and thirty-seven verses down in the
mesnevī, following a peri-
od of 13 days of fighting, at last, victory! Admittedly, the enemy remains com-
bative: “Before long, Cairo will be ours! The sultan’s sword is long, you say?
Beware, for our spears are even longer!” (“Biz ze-‘āḳıbet Mıṣra ḥākim tamām,
Deseñ seyf-i sulṭān ṭavīl ėt ḥazer
*
Mezārīḳunā eṭvalü minhü,” dėr). Yet, taking
these claims for what they are — empty threats — the Ottoman troops re-
turned, unharmed, laden with booty, and confident that the ‘Azāle’s disrespect
of both ḳānūn and şer‘ (bī-vech-i ḳānūn ve şer‘) has been set straight. There is an
interesting dissonant note here: not only the servants and mounts of the ‘Azāle
are sold at the qadis’ order, but also their wives, children and deserted slaves,
even though the sale of these was not entirely lawful (Ġulām-i buġāt ve devābb-i
‘uṣāt
*
Gelüb bey‘ olundı bi-emr-i ḳużāt, Anıñ k’olmadı bey‘i cāyiz tamām
*
‘İyāl ile
evlād ve hārib ġulām). Having witnessed the sharpness of the Ottomans’ sword
(Ki ‘Osmānīyān seyfi kāṭı‘ imiş), those who had escaped the Ottoman’s wrath
now cried, “We’ve become Muslims! Mercy!” (Bu ḥālı görüb çaġrışub bī-gümān
*
“Muslimān olub” dėdiler “El-emān!”). As the granting of
emān has been part of the
Ottoman ḳānūn since old, this is duly granted (Çūn evvelde ḳānūn-i ‘Osmānīyān
*
Emān vėrimdür pes vėrildi emān), and those who survived return to obedience.
The beys enter the city, and the enemies’ heads, displayed on their bayonets
(Serneyzede rü’us-i a‘dā nişān), are ignominiously paraded through the city (Çū
şehr içre teşhīre oldı ṣalā). As the news of the victory spread, other Bedouins
drew their lesson (Alub cümle-i A‘rāb bundın ḥisāb), and before long, all Arabs
made peace, obediently and unconditionally (İṭā‘atle ṣulḥ ėtdiler bī-ṭaleb). Espe-
cially the Ḥavvāre, praying God to defend them “from want after plenty” (ḥūr u
kevriyle,) pledged their loyalty to the Sharia. Everywhere begs on guard could
now make room for pilgrims and traders, and youth can carry property again
unattended (Gider mālla yalñız bir ṣabī). Most fittingly, the poem concludes
with lavish praise of God and of sultan Murād, the sāye-i ḥaḳ, melce’-i ḫāfiḳeyn,
melāz-i cihān,
imām-i enām, kerem-güster-i dehr, sedād-i bilād and
menā-i fevād.
Indeed, “May (Murād) always be victorious over his enemies,
*
Just as Muḥyī
may always be merry at the feast!”
(‘Adūya ẓaferler bulub dāyimā
*
Düğün içre
şādān ola Muḥyīyā).
Let us now move over to Muḥyī’s second work, the ‘Azāle-Nāme-i Mensūr (fo-
lios 412v-415v)
32
, an Ottoman-Turkish risāle of some 1,900 words that consists
of an introductory part, three
maḳāles, and a concluding dyptich. Mostly con-
sisting of continuous text, several items, such as the maḳāle titles, the sultan’s
32 Muḥyī, ‘Azāle-Nāme-i mensūr, ff. 412v-415v.
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Osmanlı’da İlm-i Tasavvuf
name and Quranic verses are highlighted through overlining, bold characters
or rubrication, and occasionally a dāre (small circle) is used as a textual divider.
The opening ḥamdele and na‘t are both in Arabic Especially God’s suppression
of those prone to war and coercion is highlighted:
“Praise be to God, who, through His light, has lifted the affliction (caused
by) the one who has kindled a fire for war, and who, through His power, has
annihilated the one who has been stubborn in coercion (alladhī adhhaba
bi nūrihi ḥuzn man istawqada li al-ḥarb nāran, wa dammara bi qudratihi
man kāna ‘anīd ijbāran), and God bless Muhammad, who has been sent to
mankind as an admonishment and as a good tiding, as well as His family
and his Companions, who were (as numerous as) stars and (as splendid as)
flowers.”
The full scale of Muḥyī’ invocation of God is made clear by bringing in the
Quranic parallel of Noah’s plea with God (LXXI: 26-27) (ll. 5-6):
“My Lord! Leave not one of the disbelievers in the land. If thou shouldst
leave them, they will mislead Thy slaves and will beget none save lewd in-
grates.”
Referred to as the “The exposition (ma‘rūż) of the humble Muḥyī, who is desti-
tute of the Almighty” (Ma‘rūż-i faḳīr-i ḳadīr Muḥyī-i ḥaḳīr), the author then lays
out the topic of this nāme:
“In the region of Egypt, there is a group of wicked Arabs, a band of un-
just highway robbers, whose treacherous character and proneness to doing
wrong (ṭāyife-i A‘rāb-i bāġīye, ki cemā‘at-i ḳuṭṭā‘-i ṭāġīye dur, ḫıyānetle mevṣūf
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