O‘zbekiston respublikasi ichki ishlar vazirligi akademi ya a. A. Mavlyanov



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Mantiq maruzalar kursi

MUNDARIJA 
 
K I R I SH ...........................................................................................................................................................................3
1-mavzu. MANTIQ ILMINING PREDMETI VA AHAMIYATI .....................................................................................5
1. Tafakkur – mantiq fanining bahs mavzui ................................................................ 5
2. Fikrning mazmuni, shakli va mantiqiy qonunlari haqida tushuncha....................... 9
3. Tilning mantiqiy tahlili .......................................................................................... 12
4. Mantiq fanining huquqshunoslik fanlari va amaliyoti uchun ahamiyati ............... 16
2-mavzu. MANTIQ FANI RIVOJLANISHINING ASOSIY BOSQICHLARI...............................................................19
1. Qadimgi dunyoda mantiq ilmining shakllanishi .................................................... 19
2. O‘rta asrlarda Markaziy Osiyo mantiq ilmining rivojlanishi................................. 28
3. Yangi davr (XVII–XIX asrlar) va hozirgi zamon mantiq ilmi 
taraqqiyotining asosiy yo‘nalishlari ........................................................................... 33
3-mavzu. MANTIQNING ASOSIY QONUNLARI ........................................................................................................39
1. Mantiqning qonunlari haqida tushuncha................................................................ 39
2. Ayniyat qonuni....................................................................................................... 40
3. Nozidlik qonuni...................................................................................................... 41
4. Uchinchisi istisno qonuni....................................................................................... 42
5. Yetarlicha asos qonuni ........................................................................................... 44
4-mavzu. TUSHUNCHA ........................................................................................... 47
1. Tushuncha tafakkur shakllaridan biri sifatida........................................................ 47
2. Tushunchaning turlari va ular o‘rtasidagi munosabatlar ....................................... 50
3. Tushunchalar ustida mantiqiy amallar ................................................................... 55
5-mavzu. HUKM ..............................................................................................................................................................60
1. Hukm haqida umumiy tushuncha........................................................................... 60
2. Sodda hukm va uning turlari .................................................................................. 62
P – Taqsimlangan ....................................................................................................... 67
3. Murakkab hukm va uning turlari ........................................................................... 67
4. Hukmlar o‘rtasidagi munosabat va ularning modallikka ko‘ra turlari .................. 70
6-mavzu. XULOSA ..........................................................................................................................................................76
1. Xulosa haqida umumiy tushuncha ......................................................................... 76
2. Deduktiv xulosa chiqarish...................................................................................... 77
3. Induktiv xulosa chiqarish ....................................................................................... 95
4. Analogiya bo‘yicha xulosa chiqarish................................................................... 100
7-mavzu. ISBOTLASH VA RADDIYA ........................................................................................................................103
1. Isbot va uning tarkibi ........................................................................................... 103
2. Isbot va raddiyaning turlari .................................................................................. 105
3. Isbot va raddiyaning qoidalari hamda xatoliklari ................................................ 107
8-mavzu. MUAMMO. GIPOTEZA. NAZARIYA .........................................................................................................113
1. Muammo va uning mohiyati ................................................................................ 113
2. Savol va uning mantiqiy tarkibi ........................................................................... 116
3. Faraz (gipoteza) va uning tarkibi ......................................................................... 117
4. Nazariya va uning mohiyati ................................................................................. 120
TAVSIYA ETILADIGAN ADABIYOTLAR ......................................................... 123

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