162
Containing China
The treatment of the Han material is somewhat diff erent. While on
balance, the models are presented as positive, the few stories set in the
Han that appear later in
Ten Teachings
(which does not follow a chrono-
logical order) offer a darker image. Empress L
ü
’s disfigurement of Lady
Qi, Zhu Maichen’s impatient wife’s refusal to stand by his side through
hard times, and Emperor Wu’s resentment at the premature loss of Lady
Li are
all noted in the later lessons, albeit briefly.
The Tang incidents, too, follow a similar, though less pronounced,
arc. Most of the examples are from the rule of the second emperor,
Taizong, and he is clearly set up as a figure to emulate. Marring the golden
image of the Tang, however, there are also three stories of the later Em-
peror Xuanzong. While two are fairly neutral—one features an imagi-
nary (or Daoist-enabled) trip to the inside of the moon and the other the
emperor’s unearthly talent at playing the flute—Emperor Xuanzang has
the dubious distinction of being one of the few rulers in the entire work
who is called “foolish.”
79
Still, one could not truly talk about a pronounced historical trajec-
tory were it not for the Song entries. It is in them that present-day China
is indisputably shown as having sunk far below its lofty origins. Although
there are only two Song entries, they stand out from the bulk of the China
entries in both length and narrative development. Significantly, neither
has an attested Chinese source. In other words, preexisting textual evi-
dence seems to have been less important than making a point, and surely
it is not a coincidence that the two “fabricated” stories of Chinese his-
tory are examples of contemporary China’s fall.
In the first story, for which the annotation simply observes that in
earlier sources the account is framed as being about Kory
ŏ
,
80
the tale cen-
ters upon an unsuccessful attempt by the Chinese court to entice the
physician Tanba no Masatada (1021–88) to journey to China to treat the
empress’s illness. Minamoto no Tsubenobu’s (1016–97)
gruff reply
(“What’s it to us Japanese if the Chinese empress dies?”)
is translated by
Ō
e no Masafusa (1041–1111) into a poem so well crafted that all parties,
even
the Chinese, are impressed.
81
79. Asami,
Jikkunshō
, 286.
80. Asami,
Jikkunshō
, 62n34; see also 514.
81. Asami,
Jikkunshō
, 62. Bialock offers an analysis of the version of this tale that
appears in the Engyōbon
edition of the
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