154
Containing China
the reign of Wu’s final ruler, Sun Hao (242–84) and ominously foreshad-
owing what can happen to a dynasty
when Buddhism is not taken
seriously:
After that, when [Emperor Hao] was wandering around the park with pal-
ace women, there was a golden figure that had been excavated from be-
neath the earth in the course of landscaping the grounds. It was of a dig-
nified and beautiful appearance. The emperor set this figure against the
side of the privy. On the eighth day of the fourth month, he urinated on
top of the figure and laughed, saying: “Since this is the eighth day of the
fourth month, there is an anointment.” While he was diverting himself
with palace women, suddenly, his scrotum swelled and ached painfully. The
inflammation was unendurable, and it went on from night until morning,
so he decided to lie down for the pain. Even the medicines and techniques
of renowned physicians were insufficient. The Grand Astrologer conducted
a divination and said: “You have wronged the Great Lord.” Though there
were prayers in the temples, there was no sign [of improvement], and no
one, high or low, could figure out what to do. One of the women in the
Inner Quarters had faith in the Buddha. She loved the emperor, so this
palace woman said to him: “Your Highness, ask the Buddha for salvation.”
The emperor asked: “Is the Buddha then the Great Lord?” The palace
woman said: “Of all that is worthy in heaven above or in the sub-celestial
realm, none should surpass the Buddha. The Buddha figure Your Majesty
got is still next to the privy. If you make offerings to it, your swollen parts
will surely return to normal.” The emperor, since his illness was becoming
urgent, bathed the hands and eyes of the figure with perfumed water, and
placed it in the palace. He kowtowed and apologized for his transgressions.
With all his heart, he sought pity. On that night, the pain ceased, and the
swelling, too, abated. He had Kang Senghui [died 280] administer the Five
Precepts to him, erected a large marketplace temple, and had crowds of
priests make offerings. In Yuankang 4 of the Jin, at the age of forty-two,
he died. The four Wu leaders in total [ruled for] fifty-nine years.
57
The entry suggests that political and religious (here, Buddhist) decline
are inextricably linked. In fact, the founding of temples, installation of
57. Hirasawa and Yoshida,
Kara kagami: Shōkōkanbon
, 196–97. The translation of
taishi
as “Grand Astrologer” is from
Dictionary of Official Titles
(Charle
s
O. Hucker,
1985 edition).
The Continent as Object of Knowledge
155
monks, and even condemnation or support of Buddhism are among those
few phenomena, other than plots to manipulate succession or overthrow
an emperor, that merit inclusion in the scroll. Perhaps most striking of
all, the dynasty is summarized in terms of its Buddhist achievements:
“The Eastern [317–420] and Western Jin [265–317] were legitimate for one
hundred forty (thirty?)-two years. During this period, 1,768 temples were
built; twenty-seven people translated 263 sutras; there were 204,000
monks and nuns.”
58
In other words, by scroll 6, the fate of Buddhism
under a specific ruler, or its treatment by a powerful individual, is intrin-
sically valuable as a historical event in Shigenori’s work. Perhaps as a re-
sult, religious accomplishments have also become a way to measure the
worth of a dynasty. Nevertheless, despite the Buddhist achievements of
the Western and Eastern Jin, it is the reapportioning of the kingdoms and
the extinction of the last remnants of the Jin that draw the scroll and the
surviving portion of
The China Mirror
to its close.
Without the final four scrolls, it is impossible to speak conclusively
of an overarching message for the work or to pin down an ultimate com-
posite image of China. There is instead an unresolved tension between
two noncomplementary images. On the one hand, this is a civilization
founded by Buddhist incarnations, at least some of whom have counter-
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