Effective Early Reading Instruction |
9
Examples of systematic and explicit instructional strategies
When students have a grasp of several consonant and short-vowel grapheme-to-phoneme
correspondences, blending and segmenting can be largely practiced in the context of
reading
and spelling words.
Instruction of these skills generally follows this sequence:
●
identify grapheme-to-phoneme correspondences of individual consonants
and short
vowels
●
use blending skills to sound out single-syllable words with simple word structures:
○
VC (e.g., at); CVC (e.g., cap)
●
use blending skills to sound out single-syllable words with more complex word
structures:
○
CCVC (e.g., step); CVCC (e.g., jump); CCVCC (e.g., blend); CCCVC (e.g., street).
●
identify and use more complex graphemes to decode words:
○
consonant digraphs (e.g., ch, th, sh,)
○
word spelling patterns with silent “e” endings (e.g., line, tape, pole)
○
r-controlled vowel patterns (e.g., car, her, bird, corn, fur)
○
vowel digraphs (e.g., ea, ou, oi).
Word study
Word study builds on the foundation of
phonemic awareness and phonics, and draws on
morphology to further develop word reading skills. Word study helps to make orthographic
patterns across words explicit. To draw students’ attention to these patterns,
word study often
focuses on spelling as students learn spelling patterns across words rather than individual
words. Students learn about the layers of patterns in English words beyond those that may
have been taught in phonics.
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