Anar Khamzayeva
26
Documentos CIDOB, Asia
Water resources management in Central Asia
region’s states indeed do not suffer from water scarcity, with countries
like Tajikistan and Turkmenistan having more water than the majority
of the European countries. In fact “
Uzbekistan, for instance, has almost
double the amount of water per capita in comparison to Spain, which is
one of the major agricultural producers within Europe” (Varis; Mizanur,
2008, p. 4). The study further claims that in looking for solutions to the
region’s water challenges, the focus should be on water demand.
Indeed, a more efficient use of water resources could in fact reduce the
demand for water. For decades experts have been calling for a “multifac-
eted regional approach… to address energy, agriculture and demograph-
ic aspects of water use” in the region –an approach that requires taking
account of multiple political, social and economic factors (International
Crisis Group, 2002, p.ii).
Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) as a new water gov-
ernance and management paradigm has
been introduced in Central
Asia by the Global Water partnership, founded in 1996 by the World
Bank, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the
Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) to foster integrated
IWRM across many regions of the world. The IWRM is defined by the
Global Water Partnership as “a process which promotes the coordinated
development and management of water,
land and related resources
in order to maximise the resultant economic and social welfare in an
equitable manner without compromising the sustainability of vital eco-
systems” (Global Water Partnership, 2008).
In Central Asia, the IWRM project is focused on improving the insti-
tutional arrangement for water management
in the Ferghana Valley,
addressing the possibilities for saving water, improving agricultural pro-
ductivity, organising water administrations, promotion and institutional
build-up of Water Users’ Associations (WUA) and the improvement of
water allocation mechanisms among the users and between the three
countries- Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. The
SIDA is the pri-
mary donor of the project with the cumulative budget of $9 million.
Water resources management in Central Asia
27
Número 25, 2009
The ICWC is the implementing agency with the execution of the
project being entrusted to an association
between the International
Water Management Institute (IWMI) and the Scientific Information
Centre (SIC) of ICWC as the project contractors, in partnership with
local
water management organisations, irrigation research institutes
and NGOs (Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, 2008).
Applying the IWRM blueprint in the context of the Central Asia region
enables one to look afresh at what is required
for a successful water
management scheme. The studies in fact reveal that the water resources
management process is quite complicated, involving an array of water
balance components as shown on the following chart:
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