92
I
have opened the window.
Men derazani ochdim.
I
have not written my exercises.
Men mashqlarimni yozmadim.
My father
has gone to Boston.
Mening otam Bostonga ketgan.
They
have informed me
of the time
of shipment of the goods.
Ular menga tovarlarni yuklash
vaqti haqida xabar berishdi.
2.
Present Perfect bir necha marta takrorlangan ish-harakatni ifo-
dalaydi:
I
have read that book twice.
Men u kitobni ikki marta o‘qigan-
man.
I
have seen that fi lm three times.
Men u fi lmni uch marta ko‘rgan-
man.
3.
Present Perfect ko‘pincha quyidagi ravishlar bilan ishlatiladi:
ever
biror vaqt, never hech qachon, often tez-tez, ko‘pincha, already allaqachon,
yet hali, allaqachon, lately yaqinda, just hozirgina.
I
have never
read that
book.
Men u kitobni hech qachon
o‘qiga nim yo‘q.
He
hasn’t fi nished his work yet.
U hali ishini tugatgan emas.
I
have often
been there.
Men u yerda tez-tez bo‘lib
turardim.
Have you ever
been
to
India?
Siz Hindistonda (biror vaqt)
bo‘lganmisiz?
I
have already
read this
book.
Men bu kitobni allaqachon o‘qi-
ganman.
I
haven’t received any letters from
him lately.
Men yaqin orada undan birorta
xat olganim yo‘q.
I
have just
seen him.
Men uni hozirgina ko‘rdim.
Izoh: just now hozirgina ravishi bilan
Simple Past ishlatiladi: I
saw him just now. Men
uni hozirgina ko‘rdim.
4. Hali tugamagan vaqt ko‘rsatkichlari –
today bugun, this week shu
hafta, this month shu oy, this year bu yil bilan
Present Perfect ishlatiladi:
Have you
read the newspaper to-
day?
Bugun gazetani o‘qidingizmi?
He
has not
received any letters from
Tom this week.
U bu hafta Tomdan hech qanday
xat olgani yo‘q.
Izoh: today, this week, this month kabi hali tugamagan vaqt ko‘rsatkichlari mavjud
bo‘lgan gaplarda
bugunning, shu haftaning, shu oyning ma’lum bo‘lagi ko‘zda
tutilganda
Simple Past ishlatiladi:
I
got up early today.
Men bugun erta turdim.
He
was late for the lecture today.
U bugun ma’ruzaga kech qoldi.
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5.
Present Perfect since (
biror vaqtdan hozirgacha) predlogi bilan ish-
latiladi:
I
haven’t heard from him since
June.
Men
iyundan buyon u haqda
eshit ganim yo‘q.
He
has known Mr. Bell since 1998.
U mister Bellni 1998-yildan
buyon taniydi (biladi).
Since bog‘lovchisi bilan bog‘langan qo‘shma gapning bosh gapida
Present Perfect, ergash gapida
Simple Past ishlatiladi:
I
have only
received two letters
from him
since I came back from
London.
Men Londondan qaytib kelga-
nimdan
buyon undan faqat ik-
kita xat oldim.
I
haven’t heard from him
since he
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