190
Containing China
Sage Emperors, the ages of governance and those of chaos, . . .
things out-
standing and ignoble.”
146
There is none of the by now familiar emphasis
on the hows and whys of history that
characterize the earlier
Mirrors
.
In some ways, this makes sense, given the subject matter. It is easy to
suppose that many readers would not have been overly eager for an ac-
count of Chinese decline that was intended to predict the Japanese future.
This would doubtless have been particularly true in an age in which part
of China was again (partially and for the moment) under foreign rule. In
other words, Shigenori’s choice of subject matter may have effectively
limited the uses to which the past he was narrating could be put. Never-
theless, the fact remains that neither it nor any of the subsequent medi-
eval historiographic court-oriented
Mirrors
makes explicit promises about
the future.
147
The above developments make sense, too, considering that Shigenori
was writing in the east and, ultimately, for the de facto lords of the land,
the H
ō
j
ō
. This marks the first time that a
Mirror
is written for an ascen-
dant or established authority, rather than as a recuperative or recentering
undertaking by a shaken or displaced elite. The principle-based rhetoric
of
The Water Mirror
in which violence is both inevitable and awful could
easily have been read as censorious of the violence—most recently, the
J
ō
ky
ū
Disturbance—that had enabled the H
ō
j
ō
family’s rise. Moreover,
as noted, Chinese history offered precedent for a movable mandate to rule.
In tracing the history of the Chinese imperial mandate, Shigenori was
killing two birds with one stone: he offered novice readers (whatever their
age or background) the basics of Chinese history that were still sought as
cultural capital, while at the same time presenting a version of history as
a teaching tool for immediate implementation, rather than a necessarily
gloomy prognostication of things to come.
MORE MULTILINGUALISM: THE
CHINA MIRROR AND WRITING
The last thing to consider in this chapter is the linguistic legacy of
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