254
Memories of Mirrors
production of
Gods and Sovereigns
and
Plums and Pines
, as well as the
development of the
Heike
narratives, was an age that Conlan describes as
one in which “every success and failure; life and death; victory and de-
feat unfolded according to divine plan.”
43
Given this, the
Heike
preface’s
promise to demonstrate an order to the past resonates with broader cur-
rents. At the same time, its skillful use of an inclusive polity-wide setting
within an even more expansive geography governed by Buddhist law re-
moves, intentionally or not, the risk of precarity attendant upon select-
ing a given site within the capital. This is a concern particularly germane
to the late fourteenth century, when, in Terry Kawashima’s words, “the
ontological significance of the capital as a space that houses the pinnacle
of national authority, and the very existence of such an authority itself,
were constantly being called into question.”
44
“Our sovereignty” reasserts
that existence, enforced and contained within a broader Buddhist geo-
graphical framework but without being tied to a particular, potentially
compromised, site. By drawing on both principles and place, the
Heike
reproduces the very rhetorical strategies that seem to have made the early
Mirrors
so successful, and the partial abandonment of which does not
seem to have done
Gods and Sovereigns
or
Plums and Pines
any favors.
These “in between” years in
Mirror
production thus saw continued
experimentation with some of the concerns that had so shaped the
Mir-
rors
’ Heian and Kamakura iterations. What is remarkable in hindsight is
how despite this experimentation and its mixed results, the final two me-
dieval historiographic
Mirrors
faithfully reproduce the contrasting mod-
els and the ideological divergence set forth by their Kamakura predeces-
sors as though none of the intervening fourteenth-century texts were of
any concern.
45
In more than one way, this move suggests that the value
of the
Mirrors
in the late fourteenth century derives at least as much from
43. Conlan,
State of War
, 172.
44. Kawashima is writing here specifically about the context for the
Heike
Kakuichi-
bon, the earliest version of which dates to 1371 (
Itineraries of Power
, 146).
45. What is also curious is that in so doing, each mimics the early fourteenth-century
historiographic experiment least similar to it. Thus,
the pro-Godaigo
Clear Mirror
adopts a conversational style and particular setting reminiscent not only of
Watchman
but also of the pro-Ashikaga
Plums and Pines
. The pro-Ashikaga
Mirror of the Gods
, in
contrast, adopts a written register and unspecified setting reminiscent not only of the
pro-
bakufu Mirror of the East
,
but also of the pro-Godaigo
Gods and Sovereigns
.
Nostalgia for a Unified Realm
255
their longevity and an inherited symbolic authority to speak to the idea
of a unified polity as from their ability to interpret the past.
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