258
Memories of Mirrors
Court that a nonimperial person could hold—
jugō
(ranking on par with
an empress)—under a regime with increasingly limited authority.
47
At
the same time, he also must have enjoyed at least some actual power,
thanks to the favor of the young third shogun, Ashikaga Yoshimitsu
(1358–1408), who had taken office in 1368 at the age of ten.
48
This posi-
tion informs the main contradiction of
The Clear Mirror
: the superficial
acceptance of the traditional
Mirror
rhetoric and framework without the
trademark grounding in a cosmologically governed historical trajectory.
49
As shown below, however,
The Clear Mirror
does not require a principle
to explain historical trajectories or even a redoubling of temporal loops
in the fashion of
The New Mirror
, because the world that it celebrates is
already lost. Thus,
The Clear Mirror
—a formal return to the center that
is devoid of any far-reaching cosmologically grounded promises about
history—can be taken on one level as a textual refraction of the reality
Yoshimoto (
Masukagami
, 298). George Perkins, though not an unquestioning advocate
of the hypothesis that Yoshimoto is the author, proposes similar dating (
Clear Mirror
,
224).
47. Helen McCullough notes that “equality with the three (classes of ) Empresses
(
junsangū
or
jusangū
) was an economic privilege entitling the recipient to annual ranks
and offices equivalent to those awarded the three categories of Empresses (Empress,
Grand Empress, Senior Grand Empress)—i.e., to three annual offices and one annual
rank” (
Ōkagami
, 91n3).
48. The biographical information is drawn from Kidō,
Masukagami
, 295–97. For
an accessible overview of the mechanics of centralization under Ashikaga Yoshimitsu,
see Imatani and Kozo, “Not for Lack of Will or Wile.” While
The Clear Mirror
dates
from Yoshimitsu’s youth and predates the earliest sources discussed there by roughly
twenty years, the article gives an implicit sense of the norms that made Yoshimitsu’s moves
possible. For an older study on the early days of the Muromachi
bakufu
, see Grossberg,
“From Feudal Chieftain to Secular Monarch.” Stavros characterizes Yoshimoto’s rela-
tionship with Yoshimitsu as that of “tutor and close confidant” (“Monuments and
Mandalas
in Medieval Kyoto,” 328).
49. However, this should not be understood as saying the work has no ideological
bias. Both Kidō and Perkins point to its clear sympathy for or allegiance to the court
and “court culture” (Kidō,
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