Gazing Backward through
Mirrors
Roughly twenty years after
Gods and Sovereigns
and
Plums and Pines
, the
penultimate medieval historiographic
Mirror
appeared:
The Clear Mirror
.
Some two decades after that, an initial version of
The Mirror of the Gods
was likely completed. Together, the works mark the twilight of the me-
dieval historiographic
Mirror
. Like their direct genre predecessors, the
two are near polar opposites in form and sympathies (see figs. 5.1 and 5.2).
The Clear Mirror
takes on the language, structure, and setting of the ear-
liest
Mirrors
that was replicated by
Watchman
to retell the events that
culminate in the Kenmu Restoration, although written some forty years
after its failure.
The Mirror of the Gods
uses the language, structure, and
unspecified setting of
The Mirror of the East
to recount the entire history
of Japan, beginning with Emperor Jinmu and reaching a narrative pre-
sent just before the reign of Emperor Gokomatsu (1377–1433) and the tri-
umphant unification of the courts—although ominous later accretions
that run through the early years of the reign of Emperor Gohanazono
(1419–70) cast a gloomy pall over the final reigns.
Their disparate forms and allegiances notwithstanding, to a certain
extent both of the final
Mirrors
gesture to the memory of a unified court.
Thus, both can also be characterized as celebrations of the past, although
not uncomplicatedly so. Most importantly of all, both, I argue, self-
consciously seek to capitalize on the accrued prestige of the earlier
Mir-
rors
they imitate, even as this strategy marks them as backward-oriented
projects at heart.
COURTWARD BOUND: THE CLEAR MIRROR
Most often attributed to the prolific poet Nij
ō
Yoshimoto (1320–88),
The
Clear Mirror
dates approximately to the years in which Yoshimoto was
in a paradoxical position.
46
He occupied the highest rank in the Northern
46. Kidō Saizō offers this dating based on internal textual evidence combined with
speculation about when circumstances would best have suited his presumed author, Nijō
Fi
gu
re
5.1.
C
on
cl
us
io
n
of
th
e
pr
ef
ac
e
an
d
op
en
in
g
lin
es
on
Em
pe
ro
r G
ot
ob
a’s
re
ig
n
in
Th
e C
lea
r M
ir
ro
r
in
a
14
02
m
an
us
cr
ip
t c
op
y
of
a
13
75
o
rig
in
al
. P
hot
og
ra
ph c
ou
rt
es
y o
f t
he M
ai
n L
ib
ra
ry
, K
yo
to U
ni
ve
rs
ity
–
M
as
uk
aga
m
i:
Ō
ei
bon
(i
m
ag
e 6
), a
da
pt
ed
.
Fi
gu
re
5.2
.
Ex
ce
rp
t f
ro
m
Em
pr
es
s S
ui
ko
’s
bi
og
ra
ph
y
in
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