Hōbutsushū
, 510. Yasuyori was exiled for his involvement
in the Shishigatani incident (discussed in chapte
r 2
) but was later recalled to the capital.
124. Koizumi and Yamada,
Hōbutsushū
, 510. Yamada adds that like
The Great Mir-
ror
,
Collected Treasures
relies on “numerous illustrative examples” to prove its points
(ibid., 511). The relationship between the rhetorical conventions of the two works is a
recurring point of analysis in this essay.
76
New Reflections
one by one, with each receiving a simple definition and illustrative ex-
amples.
125
The definitions, in particular, provide an indication of what
might have been an elite reader’s basic moral framework, including views
on false speech, which is expanded upon at some length:
The prohibition against false speech is such that you refrain from all lies,
be it saying you didn’t see something that you did or saying you did see
something that you didn’t. When we talk of the mouth as a tiger devour-
ing a body or the tongue as a blade taking a life, this is enjoining against
lying. The demon jailers instruct the sinners in hell, saying: “False speech
often consumes the ‘vast ocean’ in flame. How much the more so must
those who utter false speech burn—exactly like torches.” They become the
torches in hell. That is why we must be careful not to tell lies. In
Commen-
tary on the Ten Stages
, in the third section it teaches that “even if a person
dies, they mustn’t lie,” and in the
Sutra of the Great Assembly
there is the
teaching: “Sweet dew and poison/all reside on the human tongue./Sweet
dew is true speech;/False speech turns to poison.”
126
This may not strike the reader as particularly surprising in its general for-
mulation. A closer look at the specifics of wantonness and false speech,
however, sheds light on where the lines were drawn when it came to de-
termining which types of writing were sinful. The discussion of the pro-
hibition against wantonness specifically lists the following as sources for
proof of events having occurred: “diaries,
Flowering Fortunes
, and
Tales of
Ise
,” as well as the
Nihongi
(Chronicles of Japan), are all directly cited as
sources of historical information, albeit in the dubious category of
sources for information on illicit relations.
127
The speaker characterizes
125. On the need for proof as well as for a list of the precepts, see Koizumi and
Yamada,
Hōbutsushū
, 193–94.
126. Koizumi and Yamada,
Hōbutsushū
, 225. Translated with reference to
A Dic-
tionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms
(WE Soothill and Lewis Hodous, 2003 edition).
127. For the first three, see Koizumi and Yamada,
Hōbutsushū
, 215. The annotation
suggests that “yotsugi,” which I have here rendered as “Flowering Fortunes,” is a catchall
term for
The Great Mirror
and
Tale of Flowering Fortunes
. For the
Nihongi
(and its gloss),
see ibid., 221. My reason for reading it only as
Flowering Fortunes
is Takeshi Watanabe’s
observation that this work is grouped with
Ise monogatari
and the
Genji
in a roughly
contemporary text, Fujiwara no Sanefuyu’s (1243–1303?)
Honchō shojaku mokuroku
(Catalogue of This Sovereignty’s Texts) (Watanabe, “Buried Mothers,” 108–9). I would
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